Control.Monad.CatchIO

Warning: this module is deprecated.

Please consider using the package exceptions instead, if possible.

The functions block and unblock, which are part of the MonadCatchIO class, have known problems. The IO instances of these functions, which are provided by the base library, have been deprecated for some time, and have been removed in base-4.7.

Documentation

class MonadIO m => MonadCatchIO m where

Methods

catch :: Exception e => m a -> (e -> m a) -> m a

Generalized version of catch

block :: m a -> m a

unblock :: m a -> m a

Instances

MonadCatchIO IO

MonadCatchIO m => MonadCatchIO (ListT m)

MonadCatchIO m => MonadCatchIO (MaybeT m)

MonadCatchIO m => MonadCatchIO (IdentityT m)

MonadCatchIO m => MonadCatchIO (ContT r m)

Warning: this instance is somewhat contentious.

In the same way that the ErrorT e instance may fail to perform the final action, due to the "early exit" behaviour of the monad, this instance may perform the final action any number of times, due to the nonlinear nature of the continuation monad.

See the mailing list message http://web.archiveorange.com/archive/v/nDNOvaYx1poDHZNlmlgh for an example of what can go wrong (freeing memory twice).

(MonadCatchIO m, Error e) => MonadCatchIO (ErrorT e m)

Warning: this instance is somewhat contentious.

Note that in monads that fall under this instance (the most basic example is ErrorT e IO), there are errors of two sorts:

1. exceptions, (i.e., exceptional values in the underlying IO monad);
2. error values of type e, introduced by the ErrorT e part of the monad.

The instance takes no special action to deal with errors of type 2. In particular, bracket will not perform its second argument, if its third argument decides to "exit early" by throwing an error of type 2.

This may or may not be what you want.

See the mailing list thread starting with http://www.mail-archive.com/[e-mail]/msg82859.html for some details.

MonadCatchIO m => MonadCatchIO (ReaderT r m)

MonadCatchIO m => MonadCatchIO (StateT s m)

MonadCatchIO m => MonadCatchIO (StateT s m)

(Monoid w, MonadCatchIO m) => MonadCatchIO (WriterT w m)

(Monoid w, MonadCatchIO m) => MonadCatchIO (WriterT w m)

(Monoid w, MonadCatchIO m) => MonadCatchIO (RWST r w s m)

(Monoid w, MonadCatchIO m) => MonadCatchIO (RWST r w s m)

class (Typeable * e, Show e) => Exception e where

Any type that you wish to throw or catch as an exception must be an instance of the Exception class. The simplest case is a new exception type directly below the root:

data MyException = ThisException | ThatException
    deriving (Show, Typeable)

instance Exception MyException

The default method definitions in the Exception class do what we need in this case. You can now throw and catch ThisException and ThatException as exceptions:

*Main> throw ThisException `catch` \e -> putStrLn ("Caught " ++ show (e :: MyException))
Caught ThisException

In more complicated examples, you may wish to define a whole hierarchy of exceptions:

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Make the root exception type for all the exceptions in a compiler

data SomeCompilerException = forall e . Exception e => SomeCompilerException e
    deriving Typeable

instance Show SomeCompilerException where
    show (SomeCompilerException e) = show e

instance Exception SomeCompilerException

compilerExceptionToException :: Exception e => e -> SomeException
compilerExceptionToException = toException . SomeCompilerException

compilerExceptionFromException :: Exception e => SomeException -> Maybe e
compilerExceptionFromException x = do
    SomeCompilerException a <- fromException x
    cast a

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Make a subhierarchy for exceptions in the frontend of the compiler

data SomeFrontendException = forall e . Exception e => SomeFrontendException e
    deriving Typeable

instance Show SomeFrontendException where
    show (SomeFrontendException e) = show e

instance Exception SomeFrontendException where
    toException = compilerExceptionToException
    fromException = compilerExceptionFromException

frontendExceptionToException :: Exception e => e -> SomeException
frontendExceptionToException = toException . SomeFrontendException

frontendExceptionFromException :: Exception e => SomeException -> Maybe e
frontendExceptionFromException x = do
    SomeFrontendException a <- fromException x
    cast a

---------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Make an exception type for a particular frontend compiler exception

data MismatchedParentheses = MismatchedParentheses
    deriving (Typeable, Show)

instance Exception MismatchedParentheses where
    toException   = frontendExceptionToException
    fromException = frontendExceptionFromException

We can now catch a MismatchedParentheses exception as MismatchedParentheses, SomeFrontendException or SomeCompilerException, but not other types, e.g. IOException:

*Main> throw MismatchedParentheses catch e -> putStrLn ("Caught " ++ show (e :: MismatchedParentheses))
Caught MismatchedParentheses
*Main> throw MismatchedParentheses catch e -> putStrLn ("Caught " ++ show (e :: SomeFrontendException))
Caught MismatchedParentheses
*Main> throw MismatchedParentheses catch e -> putStrLn ("Caught " ++ show (e :: SomeCompilerException))
Caught MismatchedParentheses
*Main> throw MismatchedParentheses catch e -> putStrLn ("Caught " ++ show (e :: IOException))
*** Exception: MismatchedParentheses

Minimal complete definition

Nothing

Methods

toException :: e -> SomeException

fromException :: SomeException -> Maybe e

Instances

Exception PatternMatchFail

Exception RecSelError

Exception RecConError

Exception RecUpdError

Exception NoMethodError

Exception NonTermination

Exception NestedAtomically

Exception BlockedIndefinitelyOnMVar

Exception BlockedIndefinitelyOnSTM

Exception Deadlock

Exception AssertionFailed

Exception SomeAsyncException

Exception AsyncException

Exception ArrayException

Exception ExitCode

Exception IOException

Exception ErrorCall

Exception ArithException

Exception SomeException

throw :: (MonadIO m, Exception e) => e -> m a

Generalized version of throwIO

try :: (MonadCatchIO m, Functor m, Exception e) => m a -> m (Either e a)

Generalized version of try

tryJust :: (MonadCatchIO m, Functor m, Exception e) => (e -> Maybe b) -> m a -> m (Either b a)

Generalized version of tryJust

data Handler m a

Generalized version of Handler

Constructors

forall e . Exception e => Handler (e -> m a)

catches :: MonadCatchIO m => m a -> [Handler m a] -> m a

Generalized version of catches

Utilities

bracket :: MonadCatchIO m => m a -> (a -> m b) -> (a -> m c) -> m c

Generalized version of bracket

bracket_

Arguments

:: MonadCatchIO m

=> m a

computation to run first ("acquire resource")

-> m b

computation to run last ("release resource")

-> m c

computation to run in-between

-> m c

A variant of bracket where the return value from the first computation is not required.

bracketOnError

Arguments

:: MonadCatchIO m

=> m a

computation to run first ("acquire resource")

-> (a -> m b)

computation to run last ("release resource")

-> (a -> m c)

computation to run in-between

-> m c

Like bracket, but only performs the final action if there was an exception raised by the in-between computation.

finally

Arguments

:: MonadCatchIO m

=> m a

computation to run first

-> m b

computation to run afterward (even if an exception was raised)

-> m a

A specialised variant of bracket with just a computation to run afterward.

onException :: MonadCatchIO m => m a -> m b -> m a

Generalized version of onException