-- |
-- Module     : Simulation.Aivika.Resource
-- Copyright  : Copyright (c) 2009-2017, David Sorokin <david.sorokin@gmail.com>
-- License    : BSD3
-- Maintainer : David Sorokin <david.sorokin@gmail.com>
-- Stability  : experimental
-- Tested with: GHC 8.0.1
--
-- This module defines the resource which can be acquired and 
-- then released by the discontinuous process 'Process'.
-- The resource can be either limited by the upper bound
-- (run-time check), or it can have no upper bound. The latter
-- is useful for modeling the infinite queue, for example.
--
module Simulation.Aivika.Resource
       (-- * Resource Types
        FCFSResource,
        LCFSResource,
        SIROResource,
        PriorityResource,
        Resource,
        -- * Creating Resource
        newFCFSResource,
        newFCFSResourceWithMaxCount,
        newLCFSResource,
        newLCFSResourceWithMaxCount,
        newSIROResource,
        newSIROResourceWithMaxCount,
        newPriorityResource,
        newPriorityResourceWithMaxCount,
        newResource,
        newResourceWithMaxCount,
        -- * Resource Properties
        resourceStrategy,
        resourceMaxCount,
        resourceCount,
        resourceCountStats,
        resourceUtilisationCount,
        resourceUtilisationCountStats,
        resourceQueueCount,
        resourceQueueCountStats,
        resourceTotalWaitTime,
        resourceWaitTime,
        -- * Requesting for and Releasing Resource
        requestResource,
        requestResourceWithPriority,
        tryRequestResourceWithinEvent,
        releaseResource,
        releaseResourceWithinEvent,
        usingResource,
        usingResourceWithPriority,
        -- * Altering Resource
        incResourceCount,
        decResourceCount,
        -- * Statistics Reset
        resetResource,
        -- * Signals
        resourceCountChanged,
        resourceCountChanged_,
        resourceUtilisationCountChanged,
        resourceUtilisationCountChanged_,
        resourceQueueCountChanged,
        resourceQueueCountChanged_,
        resourceWaitTimeChanged,
        resourceWaitTimeChanged_,
        resourceChanged_) where

import Data.IORef
import Data.Monoid

import Control.Monad
import Control.Monad.Trans
import Control.Exception

import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Specs
import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Simulation
import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Event
import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Cont
import Simulation.Aivika.Internal.Process
import Simulation.Aivika.QueueStrategy
import Simulation.Aivika.Statistics
import Simulation.Aivika.Signal

import qualified Simulation.Aivika.DoubleLinkedList as DLL
import qualified Simulation.Aivika.Vector as V
import qualified Simulation.Aivika.PriorityQueue as PQ

-- | The ordinary FCFS (First Come - First Serviced) resource.
type FCFSResource = Resource FCFS

-- | The ordinary LCFS (Last Come - First Serviced) resource.
type LCFSResource = Resource LCFS

-- | The SIRO (Serviced in Random Order) resource.
type SIROResource = Resource SIRO

-- | The resource with static priorities.
type PriorityResource = Resource StaticPriorities

-- | Represents the resource with strategy @s@ applied for queuing the requests.
data Resource s =
  Resource { resourceStrategy :: s,
             -- ^ Return the strategy applied for queuing the requests.
             resourceMaxCount :: Maybe Int,
             -- ^ Return the maximum count of the resource, where 'Nothing'
             -- means that the resource has no upper bound.
             resourceCountRef :: IORef Int,
             resourceCountStatsRef :: IORef (TimingStats Int),
             resourceCountSource :: SignalSource Int,
             resourceUtilisationCountRef :: IORef Int,
             resourceUtilisationCountStatsRef :: IORef (TimingStats Int),
             resourceUtilisationCountSource :: SignalSource Int,
             resourceQueueCountRef :: IORef Int,
             resourceQueueCountStatsRef :: IORef (TimingStats Int),
             resourceQueueCountSource :: SignalSource Int,
             resourceTotalWaitTimeRef :: IORef Double,
             resourceWaitTimeRef :: IORef (SamplingStats Double),
             resourceWaitTimeSource :: SignalSource (),
             resourceWaitList :: StrategyQueue s ResourceItem }

data ResourceItem =
  ResourceItem { resourceItemTime :: Double,
                 resourceItemCont :: FrozenCont () }

instance Eq (Resource s) where
  x == y = resourceCountRef x == resourceCountRef y  -- unique references

-- | Create a new FCFS resource with the specified initial count which value becomes
-- the upper bound as well.
newFCFSResource :: Int
                   -- ^ the initial count (and maximal count too) of the resource
                   -> Event FCFSResource
newFCFSResource = newResource FCFS

-- | Create a new FCFS resource with the specified initial and maximum counts,
-- where 'Nothing' means that the resource has no upper bound.
newFCFSResourceWithMaxCount :: Int
                               -- ^ the initial count of the resource
                               -> Maybe Int
                               -- ^ the maximum count of the resource, which can be indefinite
                               -> Event FCFSResource
newFCFSResourceWithMaxCount = newResourceWithMaxCount FCFS

-- | Create a new LCFS resource with the specified initial count which value becomes
-- the upper bound as well.
newLCFSResource :: Int
                   -- ^ the initial count (and maximal count too) of the resource
                   -> Event LCFSResource
newLCFSResource = newResource LCFS

-- | Create a new LCFS resource with the specified initial and maximum counts,
-- where 'Nothing' means that the resource has no upper bound.
newLCFSResourceWithMaxCount :: Int
                               -- ^ the initial count of the resource
                               -> Maybe Int
                               -- ^ the maximum count of the resource, which can be indefinite
                               -> Event LCFSResource
newLCFSResourceWithMaxCount = newResourceWithMaxCount LCFS

-- | Create a new SIRO resource with the specified initial count which value becomes
-- the upper bound as well.
newSIROResource :: Int
                   -- ^ the initial count (and maximal count too) of the resource
                   -> Event SIROResource
newSIROResource = newResource SIRO

-- | Create a new SIRO resource with the specified initial and maximum counts,
-- where 'Nothing' means that the resource has no upper bound.
newSIROResourceWithMaxCount :: Int
                               -- ^ the initial count of the resource
                               -> Maybe Int
                               -- ^ the maximum count of the resource, which can be indefinite
                               -> Event SIROResource
newSIROResourceWithMaxCount = newResourceWithMaxCount SIRO

-- | Create a new priority resource with the specified initial count which value becomes
-- the upper bound as well.
newPriorityResource :: Int
                       -- ^ the initial count (and maximal count too) of the resource
                       -> Event PriorityResource
newPriorityResource = newResource StaticPriorities

-- | Create a new priority resource with the specified initial and maximum counts,
-- where 'Nothing' means that the resource has no upper bound.
newPriorityResourceWithMaxCount :: Int
                                   -- ^ the initial count of the resource
                                   -> Maybe Int
                                   -- ^ the maximum count of the resource, which can be indefinite
                                   -> Event PriorityResource
newPriorityResourceWithMaxCount = newResourceWithMaxCount StaticPriorities

-- | Create a new resource with the specified queue strategy and initial count.
-- The last value becomes the upper bound as well.
newResource :: QueueStrategy s
               => s
               -- ^ the strategy for managing the queuing requests
               -> Int
               -- ^ the initial count (and maximal count too) of the resource
               -> Event (Resource s)
newResource s count =
  newResourceWithMaxCount s count (Just count)

-- | Create a new resource with the specified queue strategy, initial and maximum counts,
-- where 'Nothing' means that the resource has no upper bound.
newResourceWithMaxCount :: QueueStrategy s
                           => s
                           -- ^ the strategy for managing the queuing requests
                           -> Int
                           -- ^ the initial count of the resource
                           -> Maybe Int
                           -- ^ the maximum count of the resource, which can be indefinite
                           -> Event (Resource s)
newResourceWithMaxCount s count maxCount =
  Event $ \p ->
  do let r = pointRun p
         t = pointTime p
     when (count < 0) $
       throwIO $
       SimulationRetry $
       "The resource count cannot be negative: " ++
       "newResourceWithMaxCount."
     case maxCount of
       Just maxCount | count > maxCount ->
         throwIO $
         SimulationRetry $
         "The resource count cannot be greater than " ++
         "its maximum value: newResourceWithMaxCount."
       _ ->
         return ()
     countRef <- newIORef count
     countStatsRef <- newIORef $ returnTimingStats t count
     countSource <- invokeSimulation r newSignalSource
     utilCountRef <- newIORef 0
     utilCountStatsRef <- newIORef $ returnTimingStats t 0
     utilCountSource <- invokeSimulation r newSignalSource
     queueCountRef <- newIORef 0
     queueCountStatsRef <- newIORef $ returnTimingStats t 0
     queueCountSource <- invokeSimulation r newSignalSource
     totalWaitTimeRef <- newIORef 0
     waitTimeRef <- newIORef emptySamplingStats
     waitTimeSource <- invokeSimulation r newSignalSource
     waitList <- invokeSimulation r $ newStrategyQueue s
     return Resource { resourceStrategy = s,
                       resourceMaxCount = maxCount,
                       resourceCountRef = countRef,
                       resourceCountStatsRef = countStatsRef,
                       resourceCountSource = countSource,
                       resourceUtilisationCountRef = utilCountRef,
                       resourceUtilisationCountStatsRef = utilCountStatsRef,
                       resourceUtilisationCountSource = utilCountSource,
                       resourceQueueCountRef = queueCountRef,
                       resourceQueueCountStatsRef = queueCountStatsRef,
                       resourceQueueCountSource = queueCountSource,
                       resourceTotalWaitTimeRef = totalWaitTimeRef,
                       resourceWaitTimeRef = waitTimeRef,
                       resourceWaitTimeSource = waitTimeSource,
                       resourceWaitList = waitList }

-- | Return the current available count of the resource.
resourceCount :: Resource s -> Event Int
resourceCount r =
  Event $ \p -> readIORef (resourceCountRef r)

-- | Return the statistics for the available count of the resource.
resourceCountStats :: Resource s -> Event (TimingStats Int)
resourceCountStats r =
  Event $ \p -> readIORef (resourceCountStatsRef r)

-- | Signal triggered when the 'resourceCount' property changes.
resourceCountChanged :: Resource s -> Signal Int
resourceCountChanged r =
  publishSignal $ resourceCountSource r

-- | Signal triggered when the 'resourceCount' property changes.
resourceCountChanged_ :: Resource s -> Signal ()
resourceCountChanged_ r =
  mapSignal (const ()) $ resourceCountChanged r

-- | Return the current utilisation count of the resource.
resourceUtilisationCount :: Resource s -> Event Int
resourceUtilisationCount r =
  Event $ \p -> readIORef (resourceUtilisationCountRef r)

-- | Return the statistics for the utilisation count of the resource.
resourceUtilisationCountStats :: Resource s -> Event (TimingStats Int)
resourceUtilisationCountStats r =
  Event $ \p -> readIORef (resourceUtilisationCountStatsRef r)

-- | Signal triggered when the 'resourceUtilisationCount' property changes.
resourceUtilisationCountChanged :: Resource s -> Signal Int
resourceUtilisationCountChanged r =
  publishSignal $ resourceUtilisationCountSource r

-- | Signal triggered when the 'resourceUtilisationCount' property changes.
resourceUtilisationCountChanged_ :: Resource s -> Signal ()
resourceUtilisationCountChanged_ r =
  mapSignal (const ()) $ resourceUtilisationCountChanged r

-- | Return the current queue length of the resource.
resourceQueueCount :: Resource s -> Event Int
resourceQueueCount r =
  Event $ \p -> readIORef (resourceQueueCountRef r)

-- | Return the statistics for the queue length of the resource.
resourceQueueCountStats :: Resource s -> Event (TimingStats Int)
resourceQueueCountStats r =
  Event $ \p -> readIORef (resourceQueueCountStatsRef r)

-- | Signal triggered when the 'resourceQueueCount' property changes.
resourceQueueCountChanged :: Resource s -> Signal Int
resourceQueueCountChanged r =
  publishSignal $ resourceQueueCountSource r

-- | Signal triggered when the 'resourceQueueCount' property changes.
resourceQueueCountChanged_ :: Resource s -> Signal ()
resourceQueueCountChanged_ r =
  mapSignal (const ()) $ resourceQueueCountChanged r

-- | Return the total wait time of the resource.
resourceTotalWaitTime :: Resource s -> Event Double
resourceTotalWaitTime r =
  Event $ \p -> readIORef (resourceTotalWaitTimeRef r)

-- | Return the statistics for the wait time of the resource.
resourceWaitTime :: Resource s -> Event (SamplingStats Double)
resourceWaitTime r =
  Event $ \p -> readIORef (resourceWaitTimeRef r)

-- | Signal triggered when the 'resourceTotalWaitTime' and 'resourceWaitTime' properties change.
resourceWaitTimeChanged :: Resource s -> Signal (SamplingStats Double)
resourceWaitTimeChanged r =
  mapSignalM (\() -> resourceWaitTime r) $ resourceWaitTimeChanged_ r

-- | Signal triggered when the 'resourceTotalWaitTime' and 'resourceWaitTime' properties change.
resourceWaitTimeChanged_ :: Resource s -> Signal ()
resourceWaitTimeChanged_ r =
  publishSignal $ resourceWaitTimeSource r

-- | Request for the resource decreasing its count in case of success,
-- otherwise suspending the discontinuous process until some other 
-- process releases the resource.
requestResource :: EnqueueStrategy s
                   => Resource s
                   -- ^ the requested resource
                   -> Process ()
requestResource r =
  Process $ \pid ->
  Cont $ \c ->
  Event $ \p ->
  do a <- readIORef (resourceCountRef r)
     if a == 0
       then do c <- invokeEvent p $
                    freezeContReentering c () $
                    invokeCont c $
                    invokeProcess pid $
                    requestResource r
               invokeEvent p $
                 strategyEnqueue (resourceWaitList r) $
                 ResourceItem (pointTime p) c
               invokeEvent p $ updateResourceQueueCount r 1
       else do invokeEvent p $ updateResourceWaitTime r 0
               invokeEvent p $ updateResourceCount r (-1)
               invokeEvent p $ updateResourceUtilisationCount r 1
               invokeEvent p $ resumeCont c ()

-- | Request with the priority for the resource decreasing its count
-- in case of success, otherwise suspending the discontinuous process
-- until some other process releases the resource.
requestResourceWithPriority :: PriorityQueueStrategy s p
                               => Resource s
                               -- ^ the requested resource
                               -> p
                               -- ^ the priority
                               -> Process ()
requestResourceWithPriority r priority =
  Process $ \pid ->
  Cont $ \c ->
  Event $ \p ->
  do a <- readIORef (resourceCountRef r)
     if a == 0
       then do c <- invokeEvent p $
                    freezeContReentering c () $
                    invokeCont c $
                    invokeProcess pid $
                    requestResourceWithPriority r priority
               invokeEvent p $
                 strategyEnqueueWithPriority (resourceWaitList r) priority $
                 ResourceItem (pointTime p) c
               invokeEvent p $ updateResourceQueueCount r 1
       else do invokeEvent p $ updateResourceWaitTime r 0
               invokeEvent p $ updateResourceCount r (-1)
               invokeEvent p $ updateResourceUtilisationCount r 1
               invokeEvent p $ resumeCont c ()

-- | Release the resource increasing its count and resuming one of the
-- previously suspended processes as possible.
releaseResource :: DequeueStrategy s
                   => Resource s
                   -- ^ the resource to release
                   -> Process ()
releaseResource r =
  Process $ \_ ->
  Cont $ \c ->
  Event $ \p ->
  do invokeEvent p $ releaseResourceWithinEvent r
     invokeEvent p $ resumeCont c ()

-- | Release the resource increasing its count and resuming one of the
-- previously suspended processes as possible.
releaseResourceWithinEvent :: DequeueStrategy s
                              => Resource s
                              -- ^ the resource to release
                              -> Event ()
releaseResourceWithinEvent r =
  Event $ \p ->
  do invokeEvent p $ updateResourceUtilisationCount r (-1)
     invokeEvent p $ releaseResource' r

-- | Release the resource without affecting its utilisation.
releaseResource' :: DequeueStrategy s
                    => Resource s
                    -- ^ the resource to release
                    -> Event ()
releaseResource' r =
  Event $ \p ->
  do a <- readIORef (resourceCountRef r)
     let a' = a + 1
     case resourceMaxCount r of
       Just maxCount | a' > maxCount ->
         throwIO $
         SimulationRetry $
         "The resource count cannot be greater than " ++
         "its maximum value: releaseResource'."
       _ ->
         return ()
     f <- invokeEvent p $
          strategyQueueNull (resourceWaitList r)
     if f
       then invokeEvent p $ updateResourceCount r 1
       else do x <- invokeEvent p $
                    strategyDequeue (resourceWaitList r)
               invokeEvent p $ updateResourceQueueCount r (-1)
               c <- invokeEvent p $ unfreezeCont (resourceItemCont x)
               case c of
                 Nothing ->
                   invokeEvent p $ releaseResource' r
                 Just c  ->
                   do invokeEvent p $ updateResourceWaitTime r (pointTime p - resourceItemTime x)
                      invokeEvent p $ updateResourceUtilisationCount r 1
                      invokeEvent p $ enqueueEvent (pointTime p) $ resumeCont c ()

-- | Try to request for the resource decreasing its count in case of success
-- and returning 'True' in the 'Event' monad; otherwise, returning 'False'.
tryRequestResourceWithinEvent :: Resource s
                                 -- ^ the resource which we try to request for
                                 -> Event Bool
tryRequestResourceWithinEvent r =
  Event $ \p ->
  do a <- readIORef (resourceCountRef r)
     if a == 0
       then return False
       else do invokeEvent p $ updateResourceWaitTime r 0
               invokeEvent p $ updateResourceCount r (-1)
               invokeEvent p $ updateResourceUtilisationCount r 1
               return True

-- | Acquire the resource, perform some action and safely release the resource               
-- in the end, even if the 'IOException' was raised within the action. 
usingResource :: EnqueueStrategy s
                 => Resource s
                 -- ^ the resource we are going to request for and then release in the end
                 -> Process a
                 -- ^ the action we are going to apply having the resource
                 -> Process a
                 -- ^ the result of the action
usingResource r m =
  do requestResource r
     finallyProcess m $ releaseResource r

-- | Acquire the resource with the specified priority, perform some action and
-- safely release the resource in the end, even if the 'IOException' was raised
-- within the action.
usingResourceWithPriority :: PriorityQueueStrategy s p
                             => Resource s
                             -- ^ the resource we are going to request for and then
                             -- release in the end
                             -> p
                             -- ^ the priority
                             -> Process a
                             -- ^ the action we are going to apply having the resource
                             -> Process a
                             -- ^ the result of the action
usingResourceWithPriority r priority m =
  do requestResourceWithPriority r priority
     finallyProcess m $ releaseResource r

-- | Decrease the count of available resource.
decResourceCount' :: EnqueueStrategy s
                     => Resource s
                     -- ^ the resource for which to decrease the count
                     -> Process ()
decResourceCount' r =
  do liftEvent $
       updateResourceUtilisationCount r (-1)
     requestResource r

-- | Increase the count of available resource by the specified number,
-- invoking the awaiting processes as needed.
incResourceCount :: DequeueStrategy s
                    => Resource s
                    -- ^ the resource
                    -> Int
                    -- ^ the increment for the resource count
                    -> Event ()
incResourceCount r n
  | n < 0     = throwEvent $ SimulationRetry "The increment cannot be negative: incResourceCount"
  | n == 0    = return ()
  | otherwise =
    do releaseResource' r
       incResourceCount r (n - 1)

-- | Decrease the count of available resource by the specified number,
-- waiting for the processes capturing the resource as needed.
decResourceCount :: EnqueueStrategy s
                    => Resource s
                    -- ^ the resource
                    -> Int
                    -- ^ the decrement for the resource count
                    -> Process ()
decResourceCount r n
  | n < 0     = throwProcess $ SimulationRetry "The decrement cannot be negative: decResourceCount"
  | n == 0    = return ()
  | otherwise =
    do decResourceCount' r
       decResourceCount r (n - 1)

-- | Signal triggered when one of the resource counters changes.
resourceChanged_ :: Resource s -> Signal ()
resourceChanged_ r =
  resourceCountChanged_ r <>
  resourceUtilisationCountChanged_ r <>
  resourceQueueCountChanged_ r

-- | Update the resource count and its statistics.
updateResourceCount :: Resource s -> Int -> Event ()
updateResourceCount r delta =
  Event $ \p ->
  do a <- readIORef (resourceCountRef r)
     let a' = a + delta
     a' `seq` writeIORef (resourceCountRef r) a'
     modifyIORef' (resourceCountStatsRef r) $
       addTimingStats (pointTime p) a'
     invokeEvent p $
       triggerSignal (resourceCountSource r) a'

-- | Update the resource utilisation count and its statistics.
updateResourceUtilisationCount :: Resource s -> Int -> Event ()
updateResourceUtilisationCount r delta =
  Event $ \p ->
  do a <- readIORef (resourceUtilisationCountRef r)
     let a' = a + delta
     a' `seq` writeIORef (resourceUtilisationCountRef r) a'
     modifyIORef' (resourceUtilisationCountStatsRef r) $
       addTimingStats (pointTime p) a'
     invokeEvent p $
       triggerSignal (resourceUtilisationCountSource r) a'

-- | Update the resource queue length and its statistics.
updateResourceQueueCount :: Resource s -> Int -> Event ()
updateResourceQueueCount r delta =
  Event $ \p ->
  do a <- readIORef (resourceQueueCountRef r)
     let a' = a + delta
     a' `seq` writeIORef (resourceQueueCountRef r) a'
     modifyIORef' (resourceQueueCountStatsRef r) $
       addTimingStats (pointTime p) a'
     invokeEvent p $
       triggerSignal (resourceQueueCountSource r) a'

-- | Update the resource wait time and its statistics.
updateResourceWaitTime :: Resource s -> Double -> Event ()
updateResourceWaitTime r delta =
  Event $ \p ->
  do a <- readIORef (resourceTotalWaitTimeRef r)
     let a' = a + delta
     a' `seq` writeIORef (resourceTotalWaitTimeRef r) a'
     modifyIORef' (resourceWaitTimeRef r) $
       addSamplingStats delta
     invokeEvent p $
       triggerSignal (resourceWaitTimeSource r) ()

-- | Reset the statistics.
resetResource :: Resource s -> Event ()
resetResource r =
  Event $ \p ->
  do let t = pointTime p
     count <- readIORef (resourceCountRef r)
     writeIORef (resourceCountStatsRef r) $
       returnTimingStats t count
     utilCount <- readIORef (resourceUtilisationCountRef r)
     writeIORef (resourceUtilisationCountStatsRef r) $
       returnTimingStats t utilCount
     queueCount <- readIORef (resourceQueueCountRef r)
     writeIORef (resourceQueueCountStatsRef r) $
       returnTimingStats t queueCount
     writeIORef (resourceTotalWaitTimeRef r) 0
     writeIORef (resourceWaitTimeRef r) emptySamplingStats
     invokeEvent p $
       triggerSignal (resourceWaitTimeSource r) ()