{-# LANGUAGE Trustworthy #-}
{-# LANGUAGE NoImplicitPrelude #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
{-# LANGUAGE BangPatterns #-}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- |
-- Module      :  GHC.Foreign
-- Copyright   :  (c) The University of Glasgow, 2008-2011
-- License     :  see libraries/base/LICENSE
--
-- Maintainer  :  libraries@haskell.org
-- Stability   :  internal
-- Portability :  non-portable
--
-- Foreign marshalling support for CStrings with configurable encodings
--
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

module GHC.Foreign (
    -- * C strings with a configurable encoding

    -- conversion of C strings into Haskell strings
    --
    peekCString,
    peekCStringLen,

    -- conversion of Haskell strings into C strings
    --
    newCString,
    newCStringLen,

    -- conversion of Haskell strings into C strings using temporary storage
    --
    withCString,
    withCStringLen,
    withCStringsLen,

    charIsRepresentable,
  ) where

import Foreign.Marshal.Array
import Foreign.C.Types
import Foreign.Ptr
import Foreign.Storable

import Data.Word

-- Imports for the locale-encoding version of marshallers

import Data.Tuple (fst)
import Data.Maybe

import GHC.Show ( show )

import Foreign.Marshal.Alloc
import Foreign.ForeignPtr

import GHC.Debug
import GHC.List
import GHC.Num
import GHC.Base

import GHC.IO
import GHC.IO.Exception
import GHC.IO.Buffer
import GHC.IO.Encoding.Types


c_DEBUG_DUMP :: Bool
c_DEBUG_DUMP = False

putDebugMsg :: String -> IO ()
putDebugMsg | c_DEBUG_DUMP = debugLn
            | otherwise    = const (return ())


-- These definitions are identical to those in Foreign.C.String, but copied in here to avoid a cycle:
type CString    = Ptr CChar
type CStringLen = (Ptr CChar, Int)

-- exported functions
-- ------------------

-- | Marshal a NUL terminated C string into a Haskell string.
--
peekCString    :: TextEncoding -> CString -> IO String
peekCString enc cp = do
    sz <- lengthArray0 nUL cp
    peekEncodedCString enc (cp, sz * cCharSize)

-- | Marshal a C string with explicit length into a Haskell string.
--
peekCStringLen           :: TextEncoding -> CStringLen -> IO String
peekCStringLen = peekEncodedCString

-- | Marshal a Haskell string into a NUL terminated C string.
--
-- * the Haskell string may /not/ contain any NUL characters
--
-- * new storage is allocated for the C string and must be
--   explicitly freed using 'Foreign.Marshal.Alloc.free' or
--   'Foreign.Marshal.Alloc.finalizerFree'.
--
newCString :: TextEncoding -> String -> IO CString
newCString enc = liftM fst . newEncodedCString enc True

-- | Marshal a Haskell string into a C string (ie, character array) with
-- explicit length information.
--
-- * new storage is allocated for the C string and must be
--   explicitly freed using 'Foreign.Marshal.Alloc.free' or
--   'Foreign.Marshal.Alloc.finalizerFree'.
--
newCStringLen     :: TextEncoding -> String -> IO CStringLen
newCStringLen enc = newEncodedCString enc False

-- | Marshal a Haskell string into a NUL terminated C string using temporary
-- storage.
--
-- * the Haskell string may /not/ contain any NUL characters
--
-- * the memory is freed when the subcomputation terminates (either
--   normally or via an exception), so the pointer to the temporary
--   storage must /not/ be used after this.
--
withCString :: TextEncoding -> String -> (CString -> IO a) -> IO a
withCString enc s act = withEncodedCString enc True s $ \(cp, _sz) -> act cp

-- | Marshal a Haskell string into a C string (ie, character array)
-- in temporary storage, with explicit length information.
--
-- * the memory is freed when the subcomputation terminates (either
--   normally or via an exception), so the pointer to the temporary
--   storage must /not/ be used after this.
--
withCStringLen         :: TextEncoding -> String -> (CStringLen -> IO a) -> IO a
withCStringLen enc = withEncodedCString enc False

-- | Marshal a list of Haskell strings into an array of NUL terminated C strings
-- using temporary storage.
--
-- * the Haskell strings may /not/ contain any NUL characters
--
-- * the memory is freed when the subcomputation terminates (either
--   normally or via an exception), so the pointer to the temporary
--   storage must /not/ be used after this.
--
withCStringsLen :: TextEncoding
                -> [String]
                -> (Int -> Ptr CString -> IO a)
                -> IO a
withCStringsLen enc strs f = go [] strs
  where
  go cs (s:ss) = withCString enc s $ \c -> go (c:cs) ss
  go cs [] = withArrayLen (reverse cs) f

-- | Determines whether a character can be accurately encoded in a 'CString'.
--
-- Pretty much anyone who uses this function is in a state of sin because
-- whether or not a character is encodable will, in general, depend on the
-- context in which it occurs.
charIsRepresentable :: TextEncoding -> Char -> IO Bool
-- We force enc explicitly because `catch` is lazy in its
-- first argument. We would probably like to force c as well,
-- but unfortunately worker/wrapper produces very bad code for
-- that.
--
-- TODO If this function is performance-critical, it would probably
-- pay to use a single-character specialization of withCString. That
-- would allow worker/wrapper to actually eliminate Char boxes, and
-- would also get rid of the completely unnecessary cons allocation.
charIsRepresentable !enc c =
  withCString enc [c]
              (\cstr -> do str <- peekCString enc cstr
                           case str of
                             [ch] | ch == c -> pure True
                             _ -> pure False)
    `catch`
       \(_ :: IOException) -> pure False

-- auxiliary definitions
-- ----------------------

-- C's end of string character
nUL :: CChar
nUL  = 0

-- Size of a CChar in bytes
cCharSize :: Int
cCharSize = sizeOf (undefined :: CChar)


{-# INLINE peekEncodedCString #-}
peekEncodedCString :: TextEncoding -- ^ Encoding of CString
                   -> CStringLen
                   -> IO String    -- ^ String in Haskell terms
peekEncodedCString (TextEncoding { mkTextDecoder = mk_decoder }) (p, sz_bytes)
  = bracket mk_decoder close $ \decoder -> do
      let chunk_size = sz_bytes `max` 1 -- Decode buffer chunk size in characters: one iteration only for ASCII
      from0 <- fmap (\fp -> bufferAdd sz_bytes (emptyBuffer fp sz_bytes ReadBuffer)) $ newForeignPtr_ (castPtr p)
      to <- newCharBuffer chunk_size WriteBuffer

      let go iteration from = do
            (why, from', to') <- encode decoder from to
            if isEmptyBuffer from'
             then
              -- No input remaining: @why@ will be InputUnderflow, but we don't care
              withBuffer to' $ peekArray (bufferElems to')
             else do
              -- Input remaining: what went wrong?
              putDebugMsg ("peekEncodedCString: " ++ show iteration ++ " " ++ show why)
              (from'', to'') <- case why of InvalidSequence -> recover decoder from' to' -- These conditions are equally bad because
                                            InputUnderflow  -> recover decoder from' to' -- they indicate malformed/truncated input
                                            OutputUnderflow -> return (from', to')       -- We will have more space next time round
              putDebugMsg ("peekEncodedCString: from " ++ summaryBuffer from ++ " " ++ summaryBuffer from' ++ " " ++ summaryBuffer from'')
              putDebugMsg ("peekEncodedCString: to " ++ summaryBuffer to ++ " " ++ summaryBuffer to' ++ " " ++ summaryBuffer to'')
              to_chars <- withBuffer to'' $ peekArray (bufferElems to'')
              fmap (to_chars++) $ go (iteration + 1) from''

      go (0 :: Int) from0

{-# INLINE withEncodedCString #-}
withEncodedCString :: TextEncoding         -- ^ Encoding of CString to create
                   -> Bool                 -- ^ Null-terminate?
                   -> String               -- ^ String to encode
                   -> (CStringLen -> IO a) -- ^ Worker that can safely use the allocated memory
                   -> IO a
withEncodedCString (TextEncoding { mkTextEncoder = mk_encoder }) null_terminate s act
  = bracket mk_encoder close $ \encoder -> withArrayLen s $ \sz p -> do
      from <- fmap (\fp -> bufferAdd sz (emptyBuffer fp sz ReadBuffer)) $ newForeignPtr_ p

      let go iteration to_sz_bytes = do
           putDebugMsg ("withEncodedCString: " ++ show iteration)
           allocaBytes to_sz_bytes $ \to_p -> do
            mb_res <- tryFillBufferAndCall encoder null_terminate from to_p to_sz_bytes act
            case mb_res of
              Nothing  -> go (iteration + 1) (to_sz_bytes * 2)
              Just res -> return res

      -- If the input string is ASCII, this value will ensure we only allocate once
      go (0 :: Int) (cCharSize * (sz + 1))

{-# INLINE newEncodedCString #-}
newEncodedCString :: TextEncoding  -- ^ Encoding of CString to create
                  -> Bool          -- ^ Null-terminate?
                  -> String        -- ^ String to encode
                  -> IO CStringLen
newEncodedCString (TextEncoding { mkTextEncoder = mk_encoder }) null_terminate s
  = bracket mk_encoder close $ \encoder -> withArrayLen s $ \sz p -> do
      from <- fmap (\fp -> bufferAdd sz (emptyBuffer fp sz ReadBuffer)) $ newForeignPtr_ p

      let go iteration to_p to_sz_bytes = do
           putDebugMsg ("newEncodedCString: " ++ show iteration)
           mb_res <- tryFillBufferAndCall encoder null_terminate from to_p to_sz_bytes return
           case mb_res of
             Nothing  -> do
                 let to_sz_bytes' = to_sz_bytes * 2
                 to_p' <- reallocBytes to_p to_sz_bytes'
                 go (iteration + 1) to_p' to_sz_bytes'
             Just res -> return res

      -- If the input string is ASCII, this value will ensure we only allocate once
      let to_sz_bytes = cCharSize * (sz + 1)
      to_p <- mallocBytes to_sz_bytes
      go (0 :: Int) to_p to_sz_bytes


tryFillBufferAndCall :: TextEncoder dstate -> Bool -> Buffer Char -> Ptr Word8 -> Int
                     -> (CStringLen -> IO a) -> IO (Maybe a)
tryFillBufferAndCall encoder null_terminate from0 to_p to_sz_bytes act = do
    to_fp <- newForeignPtr_ to_p
    go (0 :: Int) (from0, emptyBuffer to_fp to_sz_bytes WriteBuffer)
  where
    go iteration (from, to) = do
      (why, from', to') <- encode encoder from to
      putDebugMsg ("tryFillBufferAndCall: " ++ show iteration ++ " " ++ show why ++ " " ++ summaryBuffer from ++ " " ++ summaryBuffer from')
      if isEmptyBuffer from'
       then if null_terminate && bufferAvailable to' == 0
             then return Nothing -- We had enough for the string but not the terminator: ask the caller for more buffer
             else do
               -- Awesome, we had enough buffer
               let bytes = bufferElems to'
               withBuffer to' $ \to_ptr -> do
                   when null_terminate $ pokeElemOff to_ptr (bufR to') 0
                   fmap Just $ act (castPtr to_ptr, bytes) -- NB: the length information is specified as being in *bytes*
       else case why of -- We didn't consume all of the input
              InputUnderflow  -> recover encoder from' to' >>= go (iteration + 1) -- These conditions are equally bad
              InvalidSequence -> recover encoder from' to' >>= go (iteration + 1) -- since the input was truncated/invalid
              OutputUnderflow -> return Nothing -- Oops, out of buffer during decoding: ask the caller for more