Data.Complex

Complex numbers.

Rectangular form

data Complex a

Complex numbers are an algebraic type.

For a complex number z, abs z is a number with the magnitude of z, but oriented in the positive real direction, whereas signum z has the phase of z, but unit magnitude.

The Foldable and Traversable instances traverse the real part first.

Note that Complex's instances inherit the deficiencies from the type parameter's. For example, Complex Float's Ord instance has similar problems to Float's.

Constructors

!a :+ !a infix 6

forms a complex number from its real and imaginary rectangular components.

Instances

MonadFix Complex

Since: base-4.15.0.0

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

mfix :: (a -> Complex a) -> Complex a

MonadZip Complex

Since: base-4.15.0.0

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

mzip :: Complex a -> Complex b -> Complex (a, b)

mzipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> Complex a -> Complex b -> Complex c

munzip :: Complex (a, b) -> (Complex a, Complex b)

Foldable Complex

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => Complex m -> m

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Complex a -> m

foldMap' :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Complex a -> m

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Complex a -> b

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Complex a -> b

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Complex a -> b

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Complex a -> b

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Complex a -> a

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Complex a -> a

toList :: Complex a -> [a]

null :: Complex a -> Bool

length :: Complex a -> Int

elem :: Eq a => a -> Complex a -> Bool

maximum :: Ord a => Complex a -> a

minimum :: Ord a => Complex a -> a

sum :: Num a => Complex a -> a

product :: Num a => Complex a -> a

Eq1 Complex

>>> eq1 (1 :+ 2) (1 :+ 2)
True

>>> eq1 (1 :+ 2) (1 :+ 3)
False

Since: base-4.16.0.0

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftEq :: (a -> b -> Bool) -> Complex a -> Complex b -> Bool

Read1 Complex

>>> readPrec_to_S readPrec1 0 "(2 % 3) :+ (3 % 4)" :: [(Complex Rational, String)]
[(2 % 3 :+ 3 % 4,"")]

Since: base-4.16.0.0

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftReadsPrec :: (Int -> ReadS a) -> ReadS [a] -> Int -> ReadS (Complex a)

liftReadList :: (Int -> ReadS a) -> ReadS [a] -> ReadS [Complex a]

liftReadPrec :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec [a] -> ReadPrec (Complex a)

liftReadListPrec :: ReadPrec a -> ReadPrec [a] -> ReadPrec [Complex a]

Show1 Complex

>>> showsPrec1 0 (2 :+ 3) ""
"2 :+ 3"

Since: base-4.16.0.0

Defined in Data.Functor.Classes

Methods

liftShowsPrec :: (Int -> a -> ShowS) -> ([a] -> ShowS) -> Int -> Complex a -> ShowS

liftShowList :: (Int -> a -> ShowS) -> ([a] -> ShowS) -> [Complex a] -> ShowS

Traversable Complex

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> Complex a -> f (Complex b)

sequenceA :: Applicative f => Complex (f a) -> f (Complex a)

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> Complex a -> m (Complex b)

sequence :: Monad m => Complex (m a) -> m (Complex a)

Applicative Complex

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

pure :: a -> Complex a

(<*>) :: Complex (a -> b) -> Complex a -> Complex b

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Complex a -> Complex b -> Complex c

(*>) :: Complex a -> Complex b -> Complex b

(<*) :: Complex a -> Complex b -> Complex a

Functor Complex

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Complex a -> Complex b

(<$) :: a -> Complex b -> Complex a

Monad Complex

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

(>>=) :: Complex a -> (a -> Complex b) -> Complex b

(>>) :: Complex a -> Complex b -> Complex b

return :: a -> Complex a

Generic1 Complex

Defined in Data.Complex

Associated Types

type Rep1 Complex :: k -> Type

Methods

from1 :: forall (a :: k). Complex a -> Rep1 Complex a

to1 :: forall (a :: k). Rep1 Complex a -> Complex a

Data a => Data (Complex a)

Since: base-2.1

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Complex a -> c (Complex a)

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (Complex a)

toConstr :: Complex a -> Constr

dataTypeOf :: Complex a -> DataType

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (Complex a))

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (Complex a))

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Complex a -> Complex a

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Complex a -> r

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Complex a -> r

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Complex a -> [u]

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Complex a -> u

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Complex a -> m (Complex a)

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Complex a -> m (Complex a)

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Complex a -> m (Complex a)

Storable a => Storable (Complex a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

sizeOf :: Complex a -> Int

alignment :: Complex a -> Int

peekElemOff :: Ptr (Complex a) -> Int -> IO (Complex a)

pokeElemOff :: Ptr (Complex a) -> Int -> Complex a -> IO ()

peekByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> IO (Complex a)

pokeByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> Complex a -> IO ()

peek :: Ptr (Complex a) -> IO (Complex a)

poke :: Ptr (Complex a) -> Complex a -> IO ()

RealFloat a => Floating (Complex a)

Since: base-2.1

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

pi :: Complex a

exp :: Complex a -> Complex a

log :: Complex a -> Complex a

sqrt :: Complex a -> Complex a

(**) :: Complex a -> Complex a -> Complex a

logBase :: Complex a -> Complex a -> Complex a

sin :: Complex a -> Complex a

cos :: Complex a -> Complex a

tan :: Complex a -> Complex a

asin :: Complex a -> Complex a

acos :: Complex a -> Complex a

atan :: Complex a -> Complex a

sinh :: Complex a -> Complex a

cosh :: Complex a -> Complex a

tanh :: Complex a -> Complex a

asinh :: Complex a -> Complex a

acosh :: Complex a -> Complex a

atanh :: Complex a -> Complex a

log1p :: Complex a -> Complex a

expm1 :: Complex a -> Complex a

log1pexp :: Complex a -> Complex a

log1mexp :: Complex a -> Complex a

Generic (Complex a)

Defined in Data.Complex

Associated Types

type Rep (Complex a) :: Type -> Type

Methods

from :: Complex a -> Rep (Complex a) x

to :: Rep (Complex a) x -> Complex a

RealFloat a => Num (Complex a)

Since: base-2.1

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

(+) :: Complex a -> Complex a -> Complex a

(-) :: Complex a -> Complex a -> Complex a

(*) :: Complex a -> Complex a -> Complex a

negate :: Complex a -> Complex a

abs :: Complex a -> Complex a

signum :: Complex a -> Complex a

fromInteger :: Integer -> Complex a

Read a => Read (Complex a)

Since: base-2.1

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS (Complex a)

readList :: ReadS [Complex a]

readPrec :: ReadPrec (Complex a)

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Complex a]

RealFloat a => Fractional (Complex a)

Since: base-2.1

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

(/) :: Complex a -> Complex a -> Complex a

recip :: Complex a -> Complex a

fromRational :: Rational -> Complex a

Show a => Show (Complex a)

Since: base-2.1

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Complex a -> ShowS

show :: Complex a -> String

showList :: [Complex a] -> ShowS

Eq a => Eq (Complex a)

Since: base-2.1

Defined in Data.Complex

Methods

(==) :: Complex a -> Complex a -> Bool

(/=) :: Complex a -> Complex a -> Bool

type Rep1 Complex

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Defined in Data.Complex

type Rep1 Complex = D1 ('MetaData "Complex" "Data.Complex" "base" 'False) (C1 ('MetaCons ":+" ('InfixI 'NotAssociative 6) 'False) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Nothing :: Maybe Symbol) 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'SourceStrict 'DecidedStrict) Par1 :*: S1 ('MetaSel ('Nothing :: Maybe Symbol) 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'SourceStrict 'DecidedStrict) Par1))

type Rep (Complex a)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Defined in Data.Complex

type Rep (Complex a) = D1 ('MetaData "Complex" "Data.Complex" "base" 'False) (C1 ('MetaCons ":+" ('InfixI 'NotAssociative 6) 'False) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Nothing :: Maybe Symbol) 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'SourceStrict 'DecidedStrict) (Rec0 a) :*: S1 ('MetaSel ('Nothing :: Maybe Symbol) 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'SourceStrict 'DecidedStrict) (Rec0 a)))

realPart :: Complex a -> a

Extracts the real part of a complex number.

imagPart :: Complex a -> a

Extracts the imaginary part of a complex number.

Polar form

mkPolar :: Floating a => a -> a -> Complex a

Form a complex number from polar components of magnitude and phase.

cis :: Floating a => a -> Complex a

cis t is a complex value with magnitude 1 and phase t (modulo 2*pi).

polar :: RealFloat a => Complex a -> (a, a)

The function polar takes a complex number and returns a (magnitude, phase) pair in canonical form: the magnitude is nonnegative, and the phase in the range (-pi, pi]; if the magnitude is zero, then so is the phase.

magnitude :: RealFloat a => Complex a -> a

The nonnegative magnitude of a complex number.

phase :: RealFloat a => Complex a -> a

The phase of a complex number, in the range (-pi, pi]. If the magnitude is zero, then so is the phase.

Conjugate

conjugate :: Num a => Complex a -> Complex a

The conjugate of a complex number.