Data.ByteString.Internal

A module containing semi-public ByteString internals. This exposes the ByteString representation and low level construction functions. As such all the functions in this module are unsafe. The API is also not stable.

Where possible application should instead use the functions from the normal public interface modules, such as Data.ByteString.Unsafe. Packages that extend the ByteString system at a low level will need to use this module.

The ByteString type and representation

data ByteString

A space-efficient representation of a Word8 vector, supporting many efficient operations.

A ByteString contains 8-bit bytes, or by using the operations from Data.ByteString.Char8 it can be interpreted as containing 8-bit characters.

Constructors

PS !(ForeignPtr Word8) !Int !Int

Instances

IsList ByteString

Since: 0.10.12.0

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

Associated Types

type Item ByteString :: Type

Methods

fromList :: [Item ByteString] -> ByteString

fromListN :: Int -> [Item ByteString] -> ByteString

toList :: ByteString -> [Item ByteString]

Eq ByteString

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

Methods

(==) :: ByteString -> ByteString -> Bool

(/=) :: ByteString -> ByteString -> Bool

Data ByteString

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> ByteString -> c ByteString

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c ByteString

toConstr :: ByteString -> Constr

dataTypeOf :: ByteString -> DataType

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c ByteString)

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c ByteString)

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> ByteString -> ByteString

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> ByteString -> r

gmapQr :: (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> ByteString -> r

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> ByteString -> [u]

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> ByteString -> u

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> ByteString -> m ByteString

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> ByteString -> m ByteString

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> ByteString -> m ByteString

Ord ByteString

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

Methods

compare :: ByteString -> ByteString -> Ordering

(<) :: ByteString -> ByteString -> Bool

(<=) :: ByteString -> ByteString -> Bool

(>) :: ByteString -> ByteString -> Bool

(>=) :: ByteString -> ByteString -> Bool

max :: ByteString -> ByteString -> ByteString

min :: ByteString -> ByteString -> ByteString

Read ByteString

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS ByteString

readList :: ReadS [ByteString]

readPrec :: ReadPrec ByteString

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [ByteString]

Show ByteString

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> ByteString -> ShowS

show :: ByteString -> String

showList :: [ByteString] -> ShowS

IsString ByteString

Beware: fromString truncates multi-byte characters to octets. e.g. "枯朶に烏のとまりけり秋の暮" becomes �6k�nh~�Q��n�

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

Methods

fromString :: String -> ByteString

Semigroup ByteString

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

Methods

(<>) :: ByteString -> ByteString -> ByteString

sconcat :: NonEmpty ByteString -> ByteString

stimes :: Integral b => b -> ByteString -> ByteString

Monoid ByteString

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

Methods

mempty :: ByteString

mappend :: ByteString -> ByteString -> ByteString

mconcat :: [ByteString] -> ByteString

NFData ByteString

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

Methods

rnf :: ByteString -> ()

type Item ByteString

Defined in Data.ByteString.Internal

type Item ByteString = Word8

Conversion with lists: packing and unpacking

packBytes :: [Word8] -> ByteString

packUptoLenBytes :: Int -> [Word8] -> (ByteString, [Word8])

unsafePackLenBytes :: Int -> [Word8] -> ByteString

packChars :: [Char] -> ByteString

packUptoLenChars :: Int -> [Char] -> (ByteString, [Char])

unsafePackLenChars :: Int -> [Char] -> ByteString

unpackBytes :: ByteString -> [Word8]

unpackAppendBytesLazy :: ByteString -> [Word8] -> [Word8]

unpackAppendBytesStrict :: ByteString -> [Word8] -> [Word8]

unpackChars :: ByteString -> [Char]

unpackAppendCharsLazy :: ByteString -> [Char] -> [Char]

unpackAppendCharsStrict :: ByteString -> [Char] -> [Char]

unsafePackAddress :: Addr# -> IO ByteString

O(n) Pack a null-terminated sequence of bytes, pointed to by an Addr# (an arbitrary machine address assumed to point outside the garbage-collected heap) into a ByteString. A much faster way to create an Addr# is with an unboxed string literal, than to pack a boxed string. A unboxed string literal is compiled to a static char [] by GHC. Establishing the length of the string requires a call to strlen(3), so the Addr# must point to a null-terminated buffer (as is the case with "string"# literals in GHC). Use unsafePackAddressLen if you know the length of the string statically.

An example:

literalFS = unsafePackAddress "literal"#

This function is unsafe. If you modify the buffer pointed to by the original Addr# this modification will be reflected in the resulting ByteString, breaking referential transparency.

Note this also won't work if your Addr# has embedded '\0' characters in the string, as strlen will return too short a length.

Low level imperative construction

create :: Int -> (Ptr Word8 -> IO ()) -> IO ByteString

Create ByteString of size l and use action f to fill its contents.

createUptoN :: Int -> (Ptr Word8 -> IO Int) -> IO ByteString

Given a maximum size l and an action f that fills the ByteString starting at the given Ptr and returns the actual utilized length, createUpToN' l f returns the filled ByteString.

createUptoN' :: Int -> (Ptr Word8 -> IO (Int, a)) -> IO (ByteString, a)

Like createUpToN, but also returns an additional value created by the action.

Since: 0.10.12.0

createAndTrim :: Int -> (Ptr Word8 -> IO Int) -> IO ByteString

Given the maximum size needed and a function to make the contents of a ByteString, createAndTrim makes the ByteString. The generating function is required to return the actual final size (<= the maximum size), and the resulting byte array is realloced to this size.

createAndTrim is the main mechanism for creating custom, efficient ByteString functions, using Haskell or C functions to fill the space.

createAndTrim' :: Int -> (Ptr Word8 -> IO (Int, Int, a)) -> IO (ByteString, a)

unsafeCreate :: Int -> (Ptr Word8 -> IO ()) -> ByteString

A way of creating ByteStrings outside the IO monad. The Int argument gives the final size of the ByteString.

unsafeCreateUptoN :: Int -> (Ptr Word8 -> IO Int) -> ByteString

Like unsafeCreate but instead of giving the final size of the ByteString, it is just an upper bound. The inner action returns the actual size. Unlike createAndTrim the ByteString is not reallocated if the final size is less than the estimated size.

unsafeCreateUptoN' :: Int -> (Ptr Word8 -> IO (Int, a)) -> (ByteString, a)

Since: 0.10.12.0

mallocByteString :: Int -> IO (ForeignPtr a)

Wrapper of mallocForeignPtrBytes with faster implementation for GHC

Conversion to and from ForeignPtrs

fromForeignPtr

Arguments

:: ForeignPtr Word8

-> Int

Offset

-> Int

Length

-> ByteString

O(1) Build a ByteString from a ForeignPtr.

If you do not need the offset parameter then you do should be using unsafePackCStringLen or unsafePackCStringFinalizer instead.

toForeignPtr

Arguments

:: ByteString

-> (ForeignPtr Word8, Int, Int)

(ptr, offset, length)

O(1) Deconstruct a ForeignPtr from a ByteString

Utilities

nullForeignPtr :: ForeignPtr Word8

The 0 pointer. Used to indicate the empty Bytestring.

checkedAdd :: String -> Int -> Int -> Int

Add two non-negative numbers. Errors out on overflow.

Standard C Functions

c_strlen :: CString -> IO CSize

c_free_finalizer :: FunPtr (Ptr Word8 -> IO ())

memchr :: Ptr Word8 -> Word8 -> CSize -> IO (Ptr Word8)

memcmp :: Ptr Word8 -> Ptr Word8 -> Int -> IO CInt

memcpy :: Ptr Word8 -> Ptr Word8 -> Int -> IO ()

memset :: Ptr Word8 -> Word8 -> CSize -> IO (Ptr Word8)

cbits functions

c_reverse :: Ptr Word8 -> Ptr Word8 -> CULong -> IO ()

c_intersperse :: Ptr Word8 -> Ptr Word8 -> CULong -> Word8 -> IO ()

c_maximum :: Ptr Word8 -> CULong -> IO Word8

c_minimum :: Ptr Word8 -> CULong -> IO Word8

c_count :: Ptr Word8 -> CULong -> Word8 -> IO CULong

Chars

w2c :: Word8 -> Char

Conversion between Word8 and Char. Should compile to a no-op.

c2w :: Char -> Word8

Unsafe conversion between Char and Word8. This is a no-op and silently truncates to 8 bits Chars > '\255'. It is provided as convenience for ByteString construction.

isSpaceWord8 :: Word8 -> Bool

Selects words corresponding to white-space characters in the Latin-1 range ordered by frequency.

isSpaceChar8 :: Char -> Bool

Selects white-space characters in the Latin-1 range

Deprecated and unmentionable

accursedUnutterablePerformIO :: IO a -> a

This "function" has a superficial similarity to unsafePerformIO but it is in fact a malevolent agent of chaos. It unpicks the seams of reality (and the IO monad) so that the normal rules no longer apply. It lulls you into thinking it is reasonable, but when you are not looking it stabs you in the back and aliases all of your mutable buffers. The carcass of many a seasoned Haskell programmer lie strewn at its feet.

Witness the trail of destruction:

• https://github.com/haskell/bytestring/commit/71c4b438c675aa360c79d79acc9a491e7bbc26e7
• https://github.com/haskell/bytestring/commit/210c656390ae617d9ee3b8bcff5c88dd17cef8da
• https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/3486
• https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/3487
• https://ghc.haskell.org/trac/ghc/ticket/7270

Do not talk about "safe"! You do not know what is safe!

Yield not to its blasphemous call! Flee traveller! Flee or you will be corrupted and devoured!

inlinePerformIO :: IO a -> a

Deprecated: If you think you know what you are doing, use unsafePerformIO. If you are sure you know what you are doing, use unsafeDupablePerformIO. If you enjoy sharing an address space with a malevolent agent of chaos, try accursedUnutterablePerformIO.