Clash.Explicit.Synchronizer

Synchronizer circuits for safe clock domain crossings

Bit-synchronizers

dualFlipFlopSynchronizer

Arguments

:: (NFDataX a, KnownDomain dom1, KnownDomain dom2)

=> Clock dom1

Clock to which the incoming data is synchronized

-> Clock dom2

Clock to which the outgoing data is synchronized

-> Reset dom2

Reset for registers on the outgoing domain

-> Enable dom2

Enable for registers on the outgoing domain

-> a

Initial value of the two synchronization registers

-> Signal dom1 a

Incoming data

-> Signal dom2 a

Outgoing, synchronized, data

Synchronizer based on two sequentially connected flip-flops.

• NB: This synchronizer can be used for bit-synchronization.

• NB: Although this synchronizer does reduce metastability, it does not guarantee the proper synchronization of a whole word. For example, given that the output is sampled twice as fast as the input is running, and we have two samples in the input stream that look like:

  [0111,1000]

  But the circuit driving the input stream has a longer propagation delay on msb compared to the lsbs. What can happen is an output stream that looks like this:

  [0111,0111,0000,1000]

  Where the level-change of the msb was not captured, but the level change of the lsbs were.

  If you want to have safe word-synchronization use asyncFIFOSynchronizer.

Word-synchronizers

asyncFIFOSynchronizer

Arguments

:: (KnownDomain wdom, KnownDomain rdom, 2 <= addrSize)

=> SNat addrSize

Size of the internally used addresses, the FIFO contains 2^addrSize elements.

-> Clock wdom

Clock to which the write port is synchronized

-> Clock rdom

Clock to which the read port is synchronized

-> Reset wdom

-> Reset rdom

-> Enable wdom

-> Enable rdom

-> Signal rdom Bool

Read request

-> Signal wdom (Maybe a)

Element to insert

-> (Signal rdom a, Signal rdom Bool, Signal wdom Bool)

(Oldest element in the FIFO, empty flag, full flag)

Synchronizer implemented as a FIFO around an asynchronous RAM. Based on the design described in Clash.Tutorial, which is itself based on the design described in http://www.sunburst-design.com/papers/CummingsSNUG2002SJ_FIFO1.pdf.

NB: This synchronizer can be used for word-synchronization.