{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-} module Data.Error ( Error, newError, addContext, prettyError, unwrapError, expectError, ) where import Data.Function ((&)) import Data.Text (Text) import qualified Data.Text as Text -- | The canonical @Error@ type. -- -- It can be -- -- * created from a human-readable error message ('newError') -- * more semantic context can be added to an existing @Error@ ('addContext') -- * pretty-printed (`prettyError`) newtype Error = Error [Text] -- | Create an ad-hoc 'Error' from an error message. newError :: Text -> Error newError :: Text -> Error newError Text msg = [Text] -> Error Error [Text msg] -- | Add a higher-level context to an 'Error'. -- -- For example, your code hits a “file not found” I/O exception. -- Instead of propagating it unseen, you catch it and annotate it with 'addContext', -- and describe why you wanted to open the file in the first place: -- -- @ -- addContext "Trying to open config file" -- $ newError "file not found: ./foo" -- @ -- -- This way, when a user see the error, they will understand better what happened: -- -- @ -- "Trying to open config file: file not found: ./foo" -- @ -- -- See 'prettyError'. addContext :: Text -> Error -> Error addContext :: Text -> Error -> Error addContext Text e (Error [Text] es) = [Text] -> Error Error ([Text] -> Error) -> [Text] -> Error forall a b. (a -> b) -> a -> b $ Text e Text -> [Text] -> [Text] forall a. a -> [a] -> [a] : [Text] es -- | Pretty print the error. -- -- It will print all context messages, starting with the outermost. -- -- Example: -- -- @ -- prettyError $ newError "file not found: ./foo" -- -- ==> "file not found: ./foo" -- -- prettyError -- $ addContext "Trying to open config file" -- $ newError "file not found: ./foo" -- -- ==> "Trying to open config file: file not found: ./foo" -- @ prettyError :: Error -> Text prettyError :: Error -> Text prettyError (Error [Text] es) = Text -> [Text] -> Text Text.intercalate Text ": " [Text] es -- | Return the value from a potentially failing computation. -- -- Abort with the 'Error's message if it was a 'Left'. -- -- Panic: if Error -- -- Example: -- -- @ -- unwrapError $ Left (newError "oh no!") -- -- ==> *** Exception: oh no! -- -- unwrapError $ Right 42 -- -- ==> 42 -- @ unwrapError :: Either Error p -> p unwrapError :: Either Error p -> p unwrapError Either Error p e = case Either Error p e of Left Error err -> [Char] -> p forall a. HasCallStack => [Char] -> a error (Error -> Text prettyError Error err Text -> (Text -> [Char]) -> [Char] forall a b. a -> (a -> b) -> b & Text -> [Char] Text.unpack) Right p a -> p a -- | Return the value from a potentially failing computation. -- -- Abort with the error message if it was an error. -- -- The text message is added to the 'Error' as additional context before aborting. -- -- Panic: if Error -- -- Example: -- -- @ -- exceptError "something bad happened" $ Left (newError "oh no!") -- -- ==> *** Exception: something bad happened: oh no! -- -- exceptError $ Right 42 -- -- ==> 42 -- @ expectError :: Text -> Either Error p -> p expectError :: Text -> Either Error p -> p expectError Text context Either Error p e = case Either Error p e of Left Error err -> [Char] -> p forall a. HasCallStack => [Char] -> a error ( Error err Error -> (Error -> Error) -> Error forall a b. a -> (a -> b) -> b & Text -> Error -> Error addContext Text context Error -> (Error -> Text) -> Text forall a b. a -> (a -> b) -> b & Error -> Text prettyError Text -> (Text -> [Char]) -> [Char] forall a b. a -> (a -> b) -> b & Text -> [Char] Text.unpack ) Right p a -> p a