System.OsPath

An implementation of the Abstract FilePath Proposal, which aims to supersede type FilePath = String for various reasons:

1. it is more efficient and avoids memory fragmentation (uses unpinned ShortByteString under the hood)
2. it is more type-safe (newtype over ShortByteString)
3. avoids round-tripping issues by not converting to String (which is not total and loses the encoding)
4. abstracts over unix and windows while keeping the original bytes

It is important to know that filenames/filepaths have different representations across platforms:

• On Windows, filepaths are expected to be encoded as UTF16-LE as per the documentation, but may also include invalid surrogate pairs, in which case UCS-2 can be used. They are passed as wchar_t* to syscalls. OsPath only maintains the wide character invariant.
• On Unix, filepaths don't have a predefined encoding (although they are often interpreted as UTF8) as per the POSIX specification and are passed as char[] to syscalls. OsPath maintains no invariant here.

Apart from encoding, filepaths have additional restrictions per platform:

• On Windows the naming convention may apply
• On Unix, only NUL bytes are disallowed as per the POSIX specification

Use isValid to check for these restrictions (OsPath doesn't maintain this invariant).

Also note that these restrictions are not exhaustive and further filesystem specific restrictions may apply on all platforms. This library makes no attempt at satisfying these. Library users may need to account for that, depending on what filesystems they want to support.

It is advised to follow these principles when dealing with filepaths/filenames:

1. Avoid interpreting filenames that the OS returns, unless absolutely necessary. For example, the filepath separator is usually a predefined Word8/Word16, regardless of encoding. So even if we need to split filepaths, it might still not be necessary to understand the encoding of the filename.
2. When interpreting OS returned filenames consider that these might not be UTF8 on unix or at worst don't have an ASCII compatible encoding. The are 3 available strategies fer decoding/encoding: a) pick the best UTF (UTF-8 on unix, UTF-16LE on windows), b) decode with an explicitly defined TextEncoding, c) mimic the behavior of the base library (permissive UTF16 on windows, current filesystem encoding on unix).
3. Avoid comparing String based filepaths, because filenames of different encodings may have the same String representation, although they're not the same byte-wise.

Types

type OsPath = OsString

Type representing filenames/pathnames.

This type doesn't add any guarantees over OsString.

data OsString

Newtype representing short operating system specific strings.

Internally this is either WindowsString or PosixString, depending on the platform. Both use unpinned ShortByteString for efficiency.

The constructor is only exported via System.OsString.Internal.Types, since dealing with the internals isn't generally recommended, but supported in case you need to write platform specific code.

Instances

Monoid OsString

"String-Concatenation" for OsString. This is not the same as (</>).

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

mempty :: OsString

mappend :: OsString -> OsString -> OsString

mconcat :: [OsString] -> OsString

Semigroup OsString

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

(<>) :: OsString -> OsString -> OsString

sconcat :: NonEmpty OsString -> OsString

stimes :: Integral b => b -> OsString -> OsString

Generic OsString

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Associated Types

type Rep OsString

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

type Rep OsString = D1 ('MetaData "OsString" "System.OsString.Internal.Types" "os-string-2.0.4-ea6ae28dc9b3712b976bf1323571bc0315dcdcc7322fe276e2a2c12e62d6c267" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "OsString" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getOsString") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 PlatformString)))

Methods

from :: OsString -> Rep OsString x

to :: Rep OsString x -> OsString

Show OsString

On windows, decodes as UCS-2. On unix prints the raw bytes without decoding.

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> OsString -> ShowS

show :: OsString -> String

showList :: [OsString] -> ShowS

NFData OsString

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

rnf :: OsString -> ()

Eq OsString

Byte equality of the internal representation.

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

(==) :: OsString -> OsString -> Bool

(/=) :: OsString -> OsString -> Bool

Ord OsString

Byte ordering of the internal representation.

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

compare :: OsString -> OsString -> Ordering

(<) :: OsString -> OsString -> Bool

(<=) :: OsString -> OsString -> Bool

(>) :: OsString -> OsString -> Bool

(>=) :: OsString -> OsString -> Bool

max :: OsString -> OsString -> OsString

min :: OsString -> OsString -> OsString

Lift OsString

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

lift :: Quote m => OsString -> m Exp

liftTyped :: forall (m :: Type -> Type). Quote m => OsString -> Code m OsString

type Rep OsString

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

type Rep OsString = D1 ('MetaData "OsString" "System.OsString.Internal.Types" "os-string-2.0.4-ea6ae28dc9b3712b976bf1323571bc0315dcdcc7322fe276e2a2c12e62d6c267" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "OsString" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getOsString") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 PlatformString)))

data OsChar

Newtype representing a code unit.

On Windows, this is restricted to two-octet codepoints Word16, on POSIX one-octet (Word8).

Instances

Generic OsChar

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Associated Types

type Rep OsChar

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

type Rep OsChar = D1 ('MetaData "OsChar" "System.OsString.Internal.Types" "os-string-2.0.4-ea6ae28dc9b3712b976bf1323571bc0315dcdcc7322fe276e2a2c12e62d6c267" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "OsChar" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getOsChar") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 PlatformChar)))

Methods

from :: OsChar -> Rep OsChar x

to :: Rep OsChar x -> OsChar

Show OsChar

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> OsChar -> ShowS

show :: OsChar -> String

showList :: [OsChar] -> ShowS

NFData OsChar

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

rnf :: OsChar -> ()

Eq OsChar

Byte equality of the internal representation.

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

(==) :: OsChar -> OsChar -> Bool

(/=) :: OsChar -> OsChar -> Bool

Ord OsChar

Byte ordering of the internal representation.

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

Methods

compare :: OsChar -> OsChar -> Ordering

(<) :: OsChar -> OsChar -> Bool

(<=) :: OsChar -> OsChar -> Bool

(>) :: OsChar -> OsChar -> Bool

(>=) :: OsChar -> OsChar -> Bool

max :: OsChar -> OsChar -> OsChar

min :: OsChar -> OsChar -> OsChar

type Rep OsChar

Defined in System.OsString.Internal.Types

type Rep OsChar = D1 ('MetaData "OsChar" "System.OsString.Internal.Types" "os-string-2.0.4-ea6ae28dc9b3712b976bf1323571bc0315dcdcc7322fe276e2a2c12e62d6c267" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "OsChar" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getOsChar") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 PlatformChar)))

Filepath construction

encodeUtf :: MonadThrow m => FilePath -> m OsPath

Partial unicode friendly encoding.

On windows this encodes as UTF16-LE (strictly), which is a pretty good guess. On unix this encodes as UTF8 (strictly), which is a good guess.

Throws an EncodingException if encoding fails. If the input does not contain surrogate chars, you can use unsafeEncodeUtf.

unsafeEncodeUtf :: HasCallStack => String -> OsString

Unsafe unicode friendly encoding.

Like encodeUtf, except it crashes when the input contains surrogate chars. For sanitized input, this can be useful.

encodeWith

Arguments

:: TextEncoding

unix text encoding

-> TextEncoding

windows text encoding (wide char)

-> FilePath

-> Either EncodingException OsPath

Encode a FilePath with the specified encoding.

Note: on windows, we expect a "wide char" encoding (e.g. UCS-2 or UTF-16). Anything that works with Word16 boundaries. Picking an incompatible encoding may crash filepath operations.

encodeFS :: String -> IO OsPath

osp :: QuasiQuoter

QuasiQuote an OsPath. This accepts Unicode characters and encodes as UTF-8 on unix and UTF-16LE on windows. Runs isValid on the input. If used as a pattern, requires turning on the ViewPatterns extension.

pack :: [OsChar] -> OsPath

Pack a list of OsChar to an OsPath.

Note that using this in conjunction with unsafeFromChar to convert from [Char] to OsPath is probably not what you want, because it will truncate unicode code points.

Filepath deconstruction

decodeUtf :: MonadThrow m => OsPath -> m FilePath

Partial unicode friendly decoding.

On windows this decodes as UTF16-LE (strictly), which is a pretty good guess. On unix this decodes as UTF8 (strictly), which is a good guess.

Throws a EncodingException if decoding fails.

decodeWith

Arguments

:: TextEncoding

unix text encoding

-> TextEncoding

windows text encoding

-> OsPath

-> Either EncodingException FilePath

Decode an OsPath with the specified encoding.

decodeFS :: OsPath -> IO String

unpack :: OsPath -> [OsChar]

Unpack an OsPath to a list of OsChar.

Word construction

unsafeFromChar :: Char -> OsChar

Truncates on unix to 1 and on Windows to 2 octets.

Word deconstruction

toChar :: OsChar -> Char

Converts back to a unicode codepoint (total).

Separator predicates

pathSeparator :: OsChar

The character that separates directories. In the case where more than one character is possible, pathSeparator is the 'ideal' one.

Windows: pathSeparator == '\\'S
Posix:   pathSeparator ==  '/'

pathSeparators :: [OsChar]

The list of all possible separators.

Windows: pathSeparators == ['\\', '/']
Posix:   pathSeparators == ['/']
pathSeparator `elem` pathSeparators

isPathSeparator :: OsChar -> Bool

Rather than using (== pathSeparator), use this. Test if something is a path separator.

isPathSeparator a == (a `elem` pathSeparators)

searchPathSeparator :: OsChar

The character that is used to separate the entries in the $PATH environment variable.

Posix:   searchPathSeparator == ':'
Windows: searchPathSeparator == ';'

isSearchPathSeparator :: OsChar -> Bool

Is the character a file separator?

isSearchPathSeparator a == (a == searchPathSeparator)

extSeparator :: OsChar

File extension character

extSeparator == '.'

isExtSeparator :: OsChar -> Bool

Is the character an extension character?

isExtSeparator a == (a == extSeparator)

$PATH methods

splitSearchPath :: OsString -> [OsPath]

Take a string, split it on the searchPathSeparator character.

On Windows, blank items are ignored on Windows, and path elements are stripped of quotes.

On Posix, blank items are converted to . on Posix, and quotes are not treated specially.

Follows the recommendations in http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap08.html

Windows: splitSearchPath "File1;File2;File3"  == ["File1","File2","File3"]
Windows: splitSearchPath "File1;;File2;File3" == ["File1","File2","File3"]
Windows: splitSearchPath "File1;\"File2\";File3" == ["File1","File2","File3"]
Posix:   splitSearchPath "File1:File2:File3"  == ["File1","File2","File3"]
Posix:   splitSearchPath "File1::File2:File3" == ["File1",".","File2","File3"]

Extension functions

splitExtension :: OsPath -> (OsPath, OsString)

Split on the extension. addExtension is the inverse.

splitExtension "/directory/path.ext" == ("/directory/path",".ext")
uncurry (<>) (splitExtension x) == x
Valid x => uncurry addExtension (splitExtension x) == x
splitExtension "file.txt" == ("file",".txt")
splitExtension "file" == ("file","")
splitExtension "file/file.txt" == ("file/file",".txt")
splitExtension "file.txt/boris" == ("file.txt/boris","")
splitExtension "file.txt/boris.ext" == ("file.txt/boris",".ext")
splitExtension "file/path.txt.bob.fred" == ("file/path.txt.bob",".fred")
splitExtension "file/path.txt/" == ("file/path.txt/","")

takeExtension :: OsPath -> OsString

Get the extension of a file, returns "" for no extension, .ext otherwise.

takeExtension "/directory/path.ext" == ".ext"
takeExtension x == snd (splitExtension x)
Valid x => takeExtension (addExtension x "ext") == ".ext"
Valid x => takeExtension (replaceExtension x "ext") == ".ext"

replaceExtension :: OsPath -> OsString -> OsPath

Set the extension of a file, overwriting one if already present, equivalent to -<.>.

replaceExtension "/directory/path.txt" "ext" == "/directory/path.ext"
replaceExtension "/directory/path.txt" ".ext" == "/directory/path.ext"
replaceExtension "file.txt" ".bob" == "file.bob"
replaceExtension "file.txt" "bob" == "file.bob"
replaceExtension "file" ".bob" == "file.bob"
replaceExtension "file.txt" "" == "file"
replaceExtension "file.fred.bob" "txt" == "file.fred.txt"
replaceExtension x y == addExtension (dropExtension x) y

(-<.>) :: OsPath -> OsString -> OsPath

Remove the current extension and add another, equivalent to replaceExtension.

"/directory/path.txt" -<.> "ext" == "/directory/path.ext"
"/directory/path.txt" -<.> ".ext" == "/directory/path.ext"
"foo.o" -<.> "c" == "foo.c"

dropExtension :: OsPath -> OsPath

Remove last extension, and the "." preceding it.

dropExtension "/directory/path.ext" == "/directory/path"
dropExtension x == fst (splitExtension x)

addExtension :: OsPath -> OsString -> OsPath

Add an extension, even if there is already one there, equivalent to <.>.

addExtension "/directory/path" "ext" == "/directory/path.ext"
addExtension "file.txt" "bib" == "file.txt.bib"
addExtension "file." ".bib" == "file..bib"
addExtension "file" ".bib" == "file.bib"
addExtension "/" "x" == "/.x"
addExtension x "" == x
Valid x => takeFileName (addExtension (addTrailingPathSeparator x) "ext") == ".ext"
Windows: addExtension "\\\\share" ".txt" == "\\\\share\\.txt"

Add an extension, even if there is already one there, equivalent to <.>.

addExtension "/directory/path" "ext" == "/directory/path.ext"
addExtension "file.txt" "bib" == "file.txt.bib"
addExtension "file." ".bib" == "file..bib"
addExtension "file" ".bib" == "file.bib"
addExtension "/" "x" == "/.x"
addExtension x "" == x
Valid x => takeFileName (addExtension (addTrailingPathSeparator x) "ext") == ".ext"
Windows: addExtension "\\\\share" ".txt" == "\\\\share\\.txt"

hasExtension :: OsPath -> Bool

Does the given filename have an extension?

hasExtension "/directory/path.ext" == True
hasExtension "/directory/path" == False
null (takeExtension x) == not (hasExtension x)

(<.>) :: OsPath -> OsString -> OsPath

Add an extension, even if there is already one there, equivalent to addExtension.

"/directory/path" <.> "ext" == "/directory/path.ext"
"/directory/path" <.> ".ext" == "/directory/path.ext"

splitExtensions :: OsPath -> (OsPath, OsString)

Split on all extensions.

splitExtensions "/directory/path.ext" == ("/directory/path",".ext")
splitExtensions "file.tar.gz" == ("file",".tar.gz")
uncurry (<>) (splitExtensions x) == x
Valid x => uncurry addExtension (splitExtensions x) == x
splitExtensions "file.tar.gz" == ("file",".tar.gz")

dropExtensions :: OsPath -> OsPath

Drop all extensions.

dropExtensions "/directory/path.ext" == "/directory/path"
dropExtensions "file.tar.gz" == "file"
not $ hasExtension $ dropExtensions x
not $ any isExtSeparator $ takeFileName $ dropExtensions x

takeExtensions :: OsPath -> OsString

Get all extensions.

takeExtensions "/directory/path.ext" == ".ext"
takeExtensions "file.tar.gz" == ".tar.gz"

replaceExtensions :: OsPath -> OsString -> OsPath

Replace all extensions of a file with a new extension. Note that replaceExtension and addExtension both work for adding multiple extensions, so only required when you need to drop all extensions first.

replaceExtensions "file.fred.bob" "txt" == "file.txt"
replaceExtensions "file.fred.bob" "tar.gz" == "file.tar.gz"

isExtensionOf :: OsString -> OsPath -> Bool

Does the given filename have the specified extension?

"png" `isExtensionOf` "/directory/file.png" == True
".png" `isExtensionOf` "/directory/file.png" == True
".tar.gz" `isExtensionOf` "bar/foo.tar.gz" == True
"ar.gz" `isExtensionOf` "bar/foo.tar.gz" == False
"png" `isExtensionOf` "/directory/file.png.jpg" == False
"csv/table.csv" `isExtensionOf` "/data/csv/table.csv" == False

stripExtension :: OsString -> OsPath -> Maybe OsPath

Drop the given extension from a filepath, and the "." preceding it. Returns Nothing if the filepath does not have the given extension, or Just and the part before the extension if it does.

This function can be more predictable than dropExtensions, especially if the filename might itself contain . characters.

stripExtension "hs.o" "foo.x.hs.o" == Just "foo.x"
stripExtension "hi.o" "foo.x.hs.o" == Nothing
dropExtension x == fromJust (stripExtension (takeExtension x) x)
dropExtensions x == fromJust (stripExtension (takeExtensions x) x)
stripExtension ".c.d" "a.b.c.d"  == Just "a.b"
stripExtension ".c.d" "a.b..c.d" == Just "a.b."
stripExtension "baz"  "foo.bar"  == Nothing
stripExtension "bar"  "foobar"   == Nothing
stripExtension ""     x          == Just x

Filename/directory functions

splitFileName :: OsPath -> (OsPath, OsPath)

Split a filename into directory and file. </> is the inverse. The first component will often end with a trailing slash.

splitFileName "/directory/file.ext" == ("/directory/","file.ext")
Valid x => uncurry (</>) (splitFileName x) == x || fst (splitFileName x) == "./"
Valid x => isValid (fst (splitFileName x))
splitFileName "file/bob.txt" == ("file/", "bob.txt")
splitFileName "file/" == ("file/", "")
splitFileName "bob" == ("./", "bob")
Posix:   splitFileName "/" == ("/","")
Windows: splitFileName "c:" == ("c:","")

takeFileName :: OsPath -> OsPath

Get the file name.

takeFileName "/directory/file.ext" == "file.ext"
takeFileName "test/" == ""
takeFileName x `isSuffixOf` x
takeFileName x == snd (splitFileName x)
Valid x => takeFileName (replaceFileName x "fred") == "fred"
Valid x => takeFileName (x </> "fred") == "fred"
Valid x => isRelative (takeFileName x)

replaceFileName :: OsPath -> OsString -> OsPath

Set the filename.

replaceFileName "/directory/other.txt" "file.ext" == "/directory/file.ext"
Valid x => replaceFileName x (takeFileName x) == x

dropFileName :: OsPath -> OsPath

Drop the filename. Unlike takeDirectory, this function will leave a trailing path separator on the directory.

dropFileName "/directory/file.ext" == "/directory/"
dropFileName x == fst (splitFileName x)

takeBaseName :: OsPath -> OsPath

Get the base name, without an extension or path.

takeBaseName "/directory/file.ext" == "file"
takeBaseName "file/test.txt" == "test"
takeBaseName "dave.ext" == "dave"
takeBaseName "" == ""
takeBaseName "test" == "test"
takeBaseName (addTrailingPathSeparator x) == ""
takeBaseName "file/file.tar.gz" == "file.tar"

replaceBaseName :: OsPath -> OsString -> OsPath

Set the base name.

replaceBaseName "/directory/other.ext" "file" == "/directory/file.ext"
replaceBaseName "file/test.txt" "bob" == "file/bob.txt"
replaceBaseName "fred" "bill" == "bill"
replaceBaseName "/dave/fred/bob.gz.tar" "new" == "/dave/fred/new.tar"
Valid x => replaceBaseName x (takeBaseName x) == x

takeDirectory :: OsPath -> OsPath

Get the directory name, move up one level.

          takeDirectory "/directory/other.ext" == "/directory"
          takeDirectory x `isPrefixOf` x || takeDirectory x == "."
          takeDirectory "foo" == "."
          takeDirectory "/" == "/"
          takeDirectory "/foo" == "/"
          takeDirectory "/foo/bar/baz" == "/foo/bar"
          takeDirectory "/foo/bar/baz/" == "/foo/bar/baz"
          takeDirectory "foo/bar/baz" == "foo/bar"
Windows:  takeDirectory "foo\\bar" == "foo"
Windows:  takeDirectory "foo\\bar\\\\" == "foo\\bar"
Windows:  takeDirectory "C:\\" == "C:\\"

replaceDirectory :: OsPath -> OsPath -> OsPath

Set the directory, keeping the filename the same.

replaceDirectory "root/file.ext" "/directory/" == "/directory/file.ext"
Valid x => replaceDirectory x (takeDirectory x) `equalFilePath` x

combine :: OsPath -> OsPath -> OsPath

An alias for </>.

(</>) :: OsPath -> OsPath -> OsPath

Combine two paths with a path separator. If the second path starts with a path separator or a drive letter, then it returns the second. The intention is that readFile (dir </> file) will access the same file as setCurrentDirectory dir; readFile file.

Posix:   "/directory" </> "file.ext" == "/directory/file.ext"
Windows: "/directory" </> "file.ext" == "/directory\\file.ext"
         "directory" </> "/file.ext" == "/file.ext"
Valid x => (takeDirectory x </> takeFileName x) `equalFilePath` x

Combined:

Posix:   "/" </> "test" == "/test"
Posix:   "home" </> "bob" == "home/bob"
Posix:   "x:" </> "foo" == "x:/foo"
Windows: "C:\\foo" </> "bar" == "C:\\foo\\bar"
Windows: "home" </> "bob" == "home\\bob"

Not combined:

Posix:   "home" </> "/bob" == "/bob"
Windows: "home" </> "C:\\bob" == "C:\\bob"

Not combined (tricky):

On Windows, if a filepath starts with a single slash, it is relative to the root of the current drive. In [1], this is (confusingly) referred to as an absolute path. The current behavior of </> is to never combine these forms.

Windows: "home" </> "/bob" == "/bob"
Windows: "home" </> "\\bob" == "\\bob"
Windows: "C:\\home" </> "\\bob" == "\\bob"

On Windows, from [1]: "If a file name begins with only a disk designator but not the backslash after the colon, it is interpreted as a relative path to the current directory on the drive with the specified letter." The current behavior of </> is to never combine these forms.

Windows: "D:\\foo" </> "C:bar" == "C:bar"
Windows: "C:\\foo" </> "C:bar" == "C:bar"

splitPath :: OsPath -> [OsPath]

Split a path by the directory separator.

splitPath "/directory/file.ext" == ["/","directory/","file.ext"]
concat (splitPath x) == x
splitPath "test//item/" == ["test//","item/"]
splitPath "test/item/file" == ["test/","item/","file"]
splitPath "" == []
Windows: splitPath "c:\\test\\path" == ["c:\\","test\\","path"]
Posix:   splitPath "/file/test" == ["/","file/","test"]

joinPath :: [OsPath] -> OsPath

Join path elements back together.

joinPath z == foldr (</>) "" z
joinPath ["/","directory/","file.ext"] == "/directory/file.ext"
Valid x => joinPath (splitPath x) == x
joinPath [] == ""
Posix: joinPath ["test","file","path"] == "test/file/path"

splitDirectories :: OsPath -> [OsPath]

Just as splitPath, but don't add the trailing slashes to each element.

         splitDirectories "/directory/file.ext" == ["/","directory","file.ext"]
         splitDirectories "test/file" == ["test","file"]
         splitDirectories "/test/file" == ["/","test","file"]
Windows: splitDirectories "C:\\test\\file" == ["C:\\", "test", "file"]
         Valid x => joinPath (splitDirectories x) `equalFilePath` x
         splitDirectories "" == []
Windows: splitDirectories "C:\\test\\\\\\file" == ["C:\\", "test", "file"]
         splitDirectories "/test///file" == ["/","test","file"]

Drive functions

splitDrive :: OsPath -> (OsPath, OsPath)

Split a path into a drive and a path. On Posix, / is a Drive.

uncurry (<>) (splitDrive x) == x
Windows: splitDrive "file" == ("","file")
Windows: splitDrive "c:/file" == ("c:/","file")
Windows: splitDrive "c:\\file" == ("c:\\","file")
Windows: splitDrive "\\\\shared\\test" == ("\\\\shared\\","test")
Windows: splitDrive "\\\\shared" == ("\\\\shared","")
Windows: splitDrive "\\\\?\\UNC\\shared\\file" == ("\\\\?\\UNC\\shared\\","file")
Windows: splitDrive "\\\\?\\UNCshared\\file" == ("\\\\?\\","UNCshared\\file")
Windows: splitDrive "\\\\?\\d:\\file" == ("\\\\?\\d:\\","file")
Windows: splitDrive "/d" == ("","/d")
Posix:   splitDrive "/test" == ("/","test")
Posix:   splitDrive "//test" == ("//","test")
Posix:   splitDrive "test/file" == ("","test/file")
Posix:   splitDrive "file" == ("","file")

joinDrive :: OsPath -> OsPath -> OsPath

Join a drive and the rest of the path.

Valid x => uncurry joinDrive (splitDrive x) == x
Windows: joinDrive "C:" "foo" == "C:foo"
Windows: joinDrive "C:\\" "bar" == "C:\\bar"
Windows: joinDrive "\\\\share" "foo" == "\\\\share\\foo"
Windows: joinDrive "/:" "foo" == "/:\\foo"

Join a drive and the rest of the path.

Valid x => uncurry joinDrive (splitDrive x) == x
Windows: joinDrive "C:" "foo" == "C:foo"
Windows: joinDrive "C:\\" "bar" == "C:\\bar"
Windows: joinDrive "\\\\share" "foo" == "\\\\share\\foo"
Windows: joinDrive "/:" "foo" == "/:\\foo"

takeDrive :: OsPath -> OsPath

Get the drive from a filepath.

takeDrive x == fst (splitDrive x)

hasDrive :: OsPath -> Bool

Does a path have a drive.

not (hasDrive x) == null (takeDrive x)
Posix:   hasDrive "/foo" == True
Windows: hasDrive "C:\\foo" == True
Windows: hasDrive "C:foo" == True
         hasDrive "foo" == False
         hasDrive "" == False

dropDrive :: OsPath -> OsPath

Delete the drive, if it exists.

dropDrive x == snd (splitDrive x)

isDrive :: OsPath -> Bool

Is an element a drive

Posix:   isDrive "/" == True
Posix:   isDrive "/foo" == False
Windows: isDrive "C:\\" == True
Windows: isDrive "C:\\foo" == False
         isDrive "" == False

Trailing slash functions

hasTrailingPathSeparator :: OsPath -> Bool

Is an item either a directory or the last character a path separator?

hasTrailingPathSeparator "test" == False
hasTrailingPathSeparator "test/" == True

addTrailingPathSeparator :: OsPath -> OsPath

Add a trailing file path separator if one is not already present.

hasTrailingPathSeparator (addTrailingPathSeparator x)
hasTrailingPathSeparator x ==> addTrailingPathSeparator x == x
Posix:    addTrailingPathSeparator "test/rest" == "test/rest/"

dropTrailingPathSeparator :: OsPath -> OsPath

Remove any trailing path separators

dropTrailingPathSeparator "file/test/" == "file/test"
          dropTrailingPathSeparator "/" == "/"
Windows:  dropTrailingPathSeparator "\\" == "\\"
Posix:    not (hasTrailingPathSeparator (dropTrailingPathSeparator x)) || isDrive x

File name manipulations

normalise :: OsPath -> OsPath

Normalise a file

• // outside of the drive can be made blank
• / -> pathSeparator
• ./ -> ""

Does not remove "..", because of symlinks.

Posix:   normalise "/file/\\test////" == "/file/\\test/"
Posix:   normalise "/file/./test" == "/file/test"
Posix:   normalise "/test/file/../bob/fred/" == "/test/file/../bob/fred/"
Posix:   normalise "../bob/fred/" == "../bob/fred/"
Posix:   normalise "/a/../c" == "/a/../c"
Posix:   normalise "./bob/fred/" == "bob/fred/"
Windows: normalise "c:\\file/bob\\" == "C:\\file\\bob\\"
Windows: normalise "c:\\" == "C:\\"
Windows: normalise "C:.\\" == "C:"
Windows: normalise "\\\\server\\test" == "\\\\server\\test"
Windows: normalise "//server/test" == "\\\\server\\test"
Windows: normalise "c:/file" == "C:\\file"
Windows: normalise "/file" == "\\file"
Windows: normalise "\\" == "\\"
Windows: normalise "/./" == "\\"
         normalise "." == "."
Posix:   normalise "./" == "./"
Posix:   normalise "./." == "./"
Posix:   normalise "/./" == "/"
Posix:   normalise "/" == "/"
Posix:   normalise "bob/fred/." == "bob/fred/"
Posix:   normalise "//home" == "/home"

equalFilePath :: OsPath -> OsPath -> Bool

Equality of two filepaths. If you call System.Directory.canonicalizePath first this has a much better chance of working. Note that this doesn't follow symlinks or DOSNAM~1s.

Similar to normalise, this does not expand "..", because of symlinks.

         x == y ==> equalFilePath x y
         normalise x == normalise y ==> equalFilePath x y
         equalFilePath "foo" "foo/"
         not (equalFilePath "/a/../c" "/c")
         not (equalFilePath "foo" "/foo")
Posix:   not (equalFilePath "foo" "FOO")
Windows: equalFilePath "foo" "FOO"
Windows: not (equalFilePath "C:" "C:/")

makeRelative :: OsPath -> OsPath -> OsPath

Contract a filename, based on a relative path. Note that the resulting path will never introduce .. paths, as the presence of symlinks means ../b may not reach a/b if it starts from a/c. For a worked example see this blog post.

The corresponding makeAbsolute function can be found in System.Directory.

         makeRelative "/directory" "/directory/file.ext" == "file.ext"
         Valid x => makeRelative (takeDirectory x) x `equalFilePath` takeFileName x
         makeRelative x x == "."
         Valid x y => equalFilePath x y || (isRelative x && makeRelative y x == x) || equalFilePath (y </> makeRelative y x) x
Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "c:\\home\\bob" == "bob"
Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "c:/home/bob" == "bob"
Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "D:\\Home\\Bob" == "D:\\Home\\Bob"
Windows: makeRelative "C:\\Home" "C:Home\\Bob" == "C:Home\\Bob"
Windows: makeRelative "/Home" "/home/bob" == "bob"
Windows: makeRelative "/" "//" == "//"
Posix:   makeRelative "/Home" "/home/bob" == "/home/bob"
Posix:   makeRelative "/home/" "/home/bob/foo/bar" == "bob/foo/bar"
Posix:   makeRelative "/fred" "bob" == "bob"
Posix:   makeRelative "/file/test" "/file/test/fred" == "fred"
Posix:   makeRelative "/file/test" "/file/test/fred/" == "fred/"
Posix:   makeRelative "some/path" "some/path/a/b/c" == "a/b/c"

isRelative :: OsPath -> Bool

Is a path relative, or is it fixed to the root?

Windows: isRelative "path\\test" == True
Windows: isRelative "c:\\test" == False
Windows: isRelative "c:test" == True
Windows: isRelative "c:\\" == False
Windows: isRelative "c:/" == False
Windows: isRelative "c:" == True
Windows: isRelative "\\\\foo" == False
Windows: isRelative "\\\\?\\foo" == False
Windows: isRelative "\\\\?\\UNC\\foo" == False
Windows: isRelative "/foo" == True
Windows: isRelative "\\foo" == True
Posix:   isRelative "test/path" == True
Posix:   isRelative "/test" == False
Posix:   isRelative "/" == False

According to [1]:

• "A UNC name of any format [is never relative]."
• "You cannot use the "\?" prefix with a relative path."

isAbsolute :: OsPath -> Bool

not . isRelative

isAbsolute x == not (isRelative x)

isValid :: OsPath -> Bool

Is a filepath valid, i.e. could you create a file like it? This function checks for invalid names, and invalid characters, but does not check if length limits are exceeded, as these are typically filesystem dependent.

         isValid "" == False
         isValid "\0" == False
Posix:   isValid "/random_ path:*" == True
Posix:   isValid x == not (null x)
Windows: isValid "c:\\test" == True
Windows: isValid "c:\\test:of_test" == False
Windows: isValid "test*" == False
Windows: isValid "c:\\test\\nul" == False
Windows: isValid "c:\\test\\prn.txt" == False
Windows: isValid "c:\\nul\\file" == False
Windows: isValid "\\\\" == False
Windows: isValid "\\\\\\foo" == False
Windows: isValid "\\\\?\\D:file" == False
Windows: isValid "foo\tbar" == False
Windows: isValid "nul .txt" == False
Windows: isValid " nul.txt" == True

makeValid :: OsPath -> OsPath

Take a filepath and make it valid; does not change already valid filepaths.

isValid (makeValid x)
isValid x ==> makeValid x == x
makeValid "" == "_"
makeValid "file\0name" == "file_name"
Windows: makeValid "c:\\already\\/valid" == "c:\\already\\/valid"
Windows: makeValid "c:\\test:of_test" == "c:\\test_of_test"
Windows: makeValid "test*" == "test_"
Windows: makeValid "c:\\test\\nul" == "c:\\test\\nul_"
Windows: makeValid "c:\\test\\prn.txt" == "c:\\test\\prn_.txt"
Windows: makeValid "c:\\test/prn.txt" == "c:\\test/prn_.txt"
Windows: makeValid "c:\\nul\\file" == "c:\\nul_\\file"
Windows: makeValid "\\\\\\foo" == "\\\\drive"
Windows: makeValid "\\\\?\\D:file" == "\\\\?\\D:\\file"
Windows: makeValid "nul .txt" == "nul _.txt"