Network.HTTP.Client

Simpler API

The API below is rather low-level. The Network.HTTP.Simple module (from the http-conduit package) provides a higher-level API with built-in support for things like JSON request and response bodies. For most users, this will be an easier place to start. You can read the tutorial at:

https://haskell-lang.org/library/http-client

Lower-level API

This is the main entry point for using http-client. Used by itself, this module provides low-level access for streaming request and response bodies, and only non-secure HTTP connections. Helper packages such as http-conduit provide higher level streaming approaches, while other helper packages like http-client-tls provide secure connections.

There are three core components to be understood here: requests, responses, and managers. A Manager keeps track of open connections to various hosts, and when requested, will provide either an existing open connection or create a new connection on demand. A Manager also automatically reaps connections which have been unused for a certain period of time. A Manager allows for more efficient HTTP usage by allowing for keep-alive connections. Secure HTTP connections can be allowed by modifying the settings used for creating a manager. The simplest way to create a Manager is with:

newManager defaultManagerSettings

While generally speaking it is a good idea to share a single Manager throughout your application, there are cases where it makes more sense to create and destroy Managers more frequently. As an example, if you have an application which will make a large number of requests to different hosts, and will never make more than one connection to a single host, then sharing a Manager will result in idle connections being kept open longer than necessary. In such a situation, it makes sense to use newManager before each new request, to avoid running out of file descriptors. (Note that the managerIdleConnectionCount setting mitigates the risk of leaking too many file descriptors.)

The next core component is a Request, which represents a single HTTP request to be sent to a specific server. Requests allow for many settings to control exact how they function, but usually the simplest approach for creating a Request is to use parseRequest.

Finally, a Response is the result of sending a single Request to a server, over a connection which was acquired from a Manager. Note that you must close the response when you're done with it to ensure that the connection is recycled to the Manager to either be used by another request, or to be reaped. Usage of withResponse will ensure that this happens automatically.

Helper packages may provide replacements for various recommendations listed above. For example, if using http-client-tls, instead of using defaultManagerSettings, you would want to use tlsManagerSettings. Be sure to read the relevant helper library documentation for more information.

A note on exceptions: for the most part, all actions that perform I/O should be assumed to throw an HttpException in the event of some problem, and all pure functions will be total. For example, withResponse, httpLbs, and BodyReader can all throw exceptions. Functions like responseStatus and applyBasicAuth are guaranteed to be total (or there's a bug in the library).

One thing to be cautioned about: the type of parseRequest allows it to work in different monads. If used in the IO monad, it will throw an exception in the case of an invalid URI. In addition, if you leverage the IsString instance of the Request value via OverloadedStrings, an invalid URI will result in a partial value. Caveat emptor!

Documentation

Example Usage

Making a GET request

import Network.HTTP.Client
import Network.HTTP.Types.Status (statusCode)

main :: IO ()
main = do
  manager <- newManager defaultManagerSettings

  request <- parseRequest "http://httpbin.org/get"
  response <- httpLbs request manager

  putStrLn $ "The status code was: " ++ (show $ statusCode $ responseStatus response)
  print $ responseBody response

Posting JSON to a server

{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
import Network.HTTP.Client
import Network.HTTP.Types.Status (statusCode)
import Data.Aeson (object, (.=), encode)
import Data.Text (Text)

main :: IO ()
main = do
  manager <- newManager defaultManagerSettings

  -- Create the request
  let requestObject = object ["name" .= "Michael", "age" .= 30]
  let requestObject = object
   [ "name" .= ("Michael" :: Text)
   , "age"  .= (30 :: Int)
   ]

  initialRequest <- parseRequest "http://httpbin.org/post"
  let request = initialRequest { method = "POST", requestBody = RequestBodyLBS $ encode requestObject }

  response <- httpLbs request manager
  putStrLn $ "The status code was: " ++ (show $ statusCode $ responseStatus response)
  print $ responseBody response

Performing requests

withResponse :: Request -> Manager -> (Response BodyReader -> IO a) -> IO a

Perform a Request using a connection acquired from the given Manager, and then provide the Response to the given function. This function is fully exception safe, guaranteeing that the response will be closed when the inner function exits. It is defined as:

withResponse req man f = bracket (responseOpen req man) responseClose f

It is recommended that you use this function in place of explicit calls to responseOpen and responseClose.

You will need to use functions such as brRead to consume the response body.

Since 0.1.0

httpLbs :: Request -> Manager -> IO (Response ByteString)

A convenience wrapper around withResponse which reads in the entire response body and immediately closes the connection. Note that this function performs fully strict I/O, and only uses a lazy ByteString in its response for memory efficiency. If you are anticipating a large response body, you are encouraged to use withResponse and brRead instead.

Since 0.1.0

httpNoBody :: Request -> Manager -> IO (Response ())

A convenient wrapper around withResponse which ignores the response body. This is useful, for example, when performing a HEAD request.

Since 0.3.2

responseOpen :: Request -> Manager -> IO (Response BodyReader)

The most low-level function for initiating an HTTP request.

The first argument to this function gives a full specification on the request: the host to connect to, whether to use SSL, headers, etc. Please see Request for full details. The second argument specifies which Manager should be used.

This function then returns a Response with a BodyReader. The Response contains the status code and headers that were sent back to us, and the BodyReader contains the body of the request. Note that this BodyReader allows you to have fully interleaved IO actions during your HTTP download, making it possible to download very large responses in constant memory.

An important note: the response body returned by this function represents a live HTTP connection. As such, if you do not use the response body, an open socket will be retained indefinitely. You must be certain to call responseClose on this response to free up resources.

This function automatically performs any necessary redirects, as specified by the redirectCount setting.

When implementing a (reverse) proxy using this function or relating functions, it's wise to remove Transfer-Encoding:, Content-Length:, Content-Encoding: and Accept-Encoding: from request and response headers to be relayed.

Since 0.1.0

responseClose :: Response a -> IO ()

Close any open resources associated with the given Response. In general, this will either close an active Connection or return it to the Manager to be reused.

Since 0.1.0

Tracking redirect history

withResponseHistory :: Request -> Manager -> (HistoriedResponse BodyReader -> IO a) -> IO a

A variant of withResponse which keeps a history of all redirects performed in the interim, together with the first 1024 bytes of their response bodies.

Since 0.4.1

responseOpenHistory :: Request -> Manager -> IO (HistoriedResponse BodyReader)

A variant of responseOpen which keeps a history of all redirects performed in the interim, together with the first 1024 bytes of their response bodies.

Since 0.4.1

data HistoriedResponse body

A datatype holding information on redirected requests and the final response.

Since 0.4.1

Instances

Functor HistoriedResponse

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> HistoriedResponse a -> HistoriedResponse b

(<$) :: a -> HistoriedResponse b -> HistoriedResponse a

Foldable HistoriedResponse

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => HistoriedResponse m -> m

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> HistoriedResponse a -> m

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> HistoriedResponse a -> b

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> HistoriedResponse a -> b

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> HistoriedResponse a -> b

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> HistoriedResponse a -> b

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> HistoriedResponse a -> a

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> HistoriedResponse a -> a

toList :: HistoriedResponse a -> [a]

null :: HistoriedResponse a -> Bool

length :: HistoriedResponse a -> Int

elem :: Eq a => a -> HistoriedResponse a -> Bool

maximum :: Ord a => HistoriedResponse a -> a

minimum :: Ord a => HistoriedResponse a -> a

sum :: Num a => HistoriedResponse a -> a

product :: Num a => HistoriedResponse a -> a

Traversable HistoriedResponse

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> HistoriedResponse a -> f (HistoriedResponse b)

sequenceA :: Applicative f => HistoriedResponse (f a) -> f (HistoriedResponse a)

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> HistoriedResponse a -> m (HistoriedResponse b)

sequence :: Monad m => HistoriedResponse (m a) -> m (HistoriedResponse a)

Show body => Show (HistoriedResponse body)

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> HistoriedResponse body -> ShowS

show :: HistoriedResponse body -> String

showList :: [HistoriedResponse body] -> ShowS

Generic (HistoriedResponse body)

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client

Associated Types

type Rep (HistoriedResponse body) :: Type -> Type

Methods

from :: HistoriedResponse body -> Rep (HistoriedResponse body) x

to :: Rep (HistoriedResponse body) x -> HistoriedResponse body

type Rep (HistoriedResponse body)

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client

type Rep (HistoriedResponse body) = D1 (MetaData "HistoriedResponse" "Network.HTTP.Client" "http-client-0.7.2.1-CGHOG2GvWNiCFyP5jTtrrl" False) (C1 (MetaCons "HistoriedResponse" PrefixI True) (S1 (MetaSel (Just "hrRedirects") NoSourceUnpackedness NoSourceStrictness DecidedLazy) (Rec0 [(Request, Response ByteString)]) :*: (S1 (MetaSel (Just "hrFinalRequest") NoSourceUnpackedness NoSourceStrictness DecidedLazy) (Rec0 Request) :*: S1 (MetaSel (Just "hrFinalResponse") NoSourceUnpackedness NoSourceStrictness DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (Response body)))))

hrRedirects :: HistoriedResponse body -> [(Request, Response ByteString)]

Requests which resulted in a redirect, together with their responses. The response contains the first 1024 bytes of the body.

Since 0.4.1

hrFinalRequest :: HistoriedResponse body -> Request

The final request performed.

Since 0.4.1

hrFinalResponse :: HistoriedResponse body -> Response body

The response from the final request.

Since 0.4.1

Connection manager

data Manager

Keeps track of open connections for keep-alive.

If possible, you should share a single Manager between multiple threads and requests.

Since 0.1.0

Instances

HasHttpManager Manager

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

getHttpManager :: Manager -> Manager

newManager :: ManagerSettings -> IO Manager

Create a Manager. The Manager will be shut down automatically via garbage collection.

Creating a new Manager is a relatively expensive operation, you are advised to share a single Manager between requests instead.

The first argument to this function is often defaultManagerSettings, though add-on libraries may provide a recommended replacement.

Since 0.1.0

closeManager :: Manager -> IO ()

Deprecated: Manager will be closed for you automatically when no longer in use

Close all connections in a Manager.

Note that this doesn't affect currently in-flight connections, meaning you can safely use it without hurting any queries you may have concurrently running.

Since 0.1.0

withManager :: ManagerSettings -> (Manager -> IO a) -> IO a

Deprecated: Use newManager instead

Create, use and close a Manager.

Since 0.2.1

class HasHttpManager a where

Methods

getHttpManager :: a -> Manager

Instances

HasHttpManager Manager

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

getHttpManager :: Manager -> Manager

Connection manager settings

data ManagerSettings

Settings for a Manager. Please use the defaultManagerSettings function and then modify individual settings. For more information, see http://www.yesodweb.com/book/settings-types.

Since 0.1.0

defaultManagerSettings :: ManagerSettings

Default value for ManagerSettings.

Note that this value does not have support for SSL/TLS. If you need to make any https connections, please use the http-client-tls package, which provides a tlsManagerSettings value.

Since 0.1.0

managerConnCount :: ManagerSettings -> Int

Number of connections to a single host to keep alive. Default: 10.

Since 0.1.0

managerRawConnection :: ManagerSettings -> IO (Maybe HostAddress -> String -> Int -> IO Connection)

Create an insecure connection.

Since 0.1.0

managerTlsConnection :: ManagerSettings -> IO (Maybe HostAddress -> String -> Int -> IO Connection)

Create a TLS connection. Default behavior: throw an exception that TLS is not supported.

Since 0.1.0

managerResponseTimeout :: ManagerSettings -> ResponseTimeout

Default timeout to be applied to requests which do not provide a timeout value.

Default is 30 seconds

Since: 0.5.0

managerRetryableException :: ManagerSettings -> SomeException -> Bool

Exceptions for which we should retry our request if we were reusing an already open connection. In the case of IOExceptions, for example, we assume that the connection was closed on the server and therefore open a new one.

Since 0.1.0

managerWrapException :: ManagerSettings -> forall a. Request -> IO a -> IO a

Action wrapped around all attempted Requests, usually used to wrap up exceptions in library-specific types.

Default: wrap all IOExceptions in the InternalException constructor.

Since: 0.5.0

managerIdleConnectionCount :: ManagerSettings -> Int

Total number of idle connection to keep open at a given time.

This limit helps deal with the case where you are making a large number of connections to different hosts. Without this limit, you could run out of file descriptors. Additionally, it can be set to zero to prevent reuse of any connections. Doing this is useful when the server your application is talking to sits behind a load balancer.

Default: 512

Since 0.3.7

managerModifyRequest :: ManagerSettings -> Request -> IO Request

Perform the given modification to a Request before performing it.

This function may be called more than once during request processing. see https://github.com/snoyberg/http-client/issues/350

Default: no modification

Since 0.4.4

managerModifyResponse :: ManagerSettings -> Response BodyReader -> IO (Response BodyReader)

Perform the given modification to a Response after receiving it.

Default: no modification

Since: 0.5.5

Manager proxy settings

managerSetProxy :: ProxyOverride -> ManagerSettings -> ManagerSettings

Set the proxy override value, for both HTTP (insecure) and HTTPS (insecure) connections.

Since 0.4.7

managerSetInsecureProxy :: ProxyOverride -> ManagerSettings -> ManagerSettings

Set the proxy override value, only for HTTP (insecure) connections.

Since 0.4.7

managerSetSecureProxy :: ProxyOverride -> ManagerSettings -> ManagerSettings

Set the proxy override value, only for HTTPS (secure) connections.

Since 0.4.7

data ProxyOverride

How the HTTP proxy server settings should be discovered.

Since 0.4.7

proxyFromRequest :: ProxyOverride

Get the proxy settings from the Request itself.

Since 0.4.7

noProxy :: ProxyOverride

Never connect using a proxy, regardless of the proxy value in the Request.

Since 0.4.7

useProxy :: Proxy -> ProxyOverride

Use the given proxy settings, regardless of the proxy value in the Request.

Since 0.4.7

useProxySecureWithoutConnect :: Proxy -> ProxyOverride

Send secure requests to the proxy in plain text rather than using CONNECT, regardless of the value in the Request.

Since: 0.7.2

proxyEnvironment

Arguments

:: Maybe Proxy

fallback if no environment set

-> ProxyOverride

Get the proxy settings from the default environment variable (http_proxy for insecure, https_proxy for secure). If no variable is set, then fall back to the given value. Nothing is equivalent to noProxy, Just is equivalent to useProxy.

Since 0.4.7

proxyEnvironmentNamed

Arguments

:: Text

environment variable name

-> Maybe Proxy

fallback if no environment set

-> ProxyOverride

Same as proxyEnvironment, but instead of default environment variable names, allows you to set your own name.

Since 0.4.7

defaultProxy :: ProxyOverride

The default proxy settings for a manager. In particular: if the http_proxy (or https_proxy) environment variable is set, use it. Otherwise, use the values in the Request.

Since 0.4.7

Response timeouts

data ResponseTimeout

How to deal with timing out on retrieval of response headers.

Since: 0.5.0

Instances

Eq ResponseTimeout

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

(==) :: ResponseTimeout -> ResponseTimeout -> Bool

(/=) :: ResponseTimeout -> ResponseTimeout -> Bool

Show ResponseTimeout

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> ResponseTimeout -> ShowS

show :: ResponseTimeout -> String

showList :: [ResponseTimeout] -> ShowS

responseTimeoutMicro :: Int -> ResponseTimeout

Specify maximum time in microseconds the retrieval of response headers is allowed to take

Since: 0.5.0

responseTimeoutNone :: ResponseTimeout

Do not have a response timeout

Since: 0.5.0

responseTimeoutDefault :: ResponseTimeout

Use the default response timeout

When used on a Request, means: use the manager's timeout value

When used on a ManagerSettings, means: default to 30 seconds

Since: 0.5.0

Helpers

rawConnectionModifySocket :: (Socket -> IO ()) -> IO (Maybe HostAddress -> String -> Int -> IO Connection)

A value for the managerRawConnection setting, but also allows you to modify the underlying Socket to set additional settings. For a motivating use case, see: https://github.com/snoyberg/http-client/issues/71.

Since 0.3.8

rawConnectionModifySocketSize :: (Socket -> IO ()) -> IO (Int -> Maybe HostAddress -> String -> Int -> IO Connection)

Same as rawConnectionModifySocket, but also takes in a chunk size.

Since: 0.5.2

Request

The way you parse string of characters to construct a Request will determine whether exceptions will be thrown on non-2XX response status codes. This is because the behavior is controlled by a setting in Request itself (see checkResponse) and different parsing functions set it to different IO actions.

parseUrl :: MonadThrow m => String -> m Request

Deprecated: Please use parseUrlThrow, parseRequest, or parseRequest_ instead

Deprecated synonym for parseUrlThrow. You probably want parseRequest or parseRequest_ instead.

Since: 0.1.0

parseUrlThrow :: MonadThrow m => String -> m Request

Same as parseRequest, except will throw an HttpException in the event of a non-2XX response. This uses throwErrorStatusCodes to implement checkResponse.

Since: 0.4.30

parseRequest :: MonadThrow m => String -> m Request

Convert a URL into a Request.

This function defaults some of the values in Request, such as setting method to GET and requestHeaders to [].

Since this function uses MonadThrow, the return monad can be anything that is an instance of MonadThrow, such as IO or Maybe.

You can place the request method at the beginning of the URL separated by a space, e.g.:

@@ parseRequest "POST http://httpbin.org/post" @@

Note that the request method must be provided as all capital letters.

A Request created by this function won't cause exceptions on non-2XX response status codes.

To create a request which throws on non-2XX status codes, see parseUrlThrow

Since: 0.4.30

parseRequest_ :: String -> Request

Same as parseRequest, but parse errors cause an impure exception. Mostly useful for static strings which are known to be correctly formatted.

requestFromURI :: MonadThrow m => URI -> m Request

Convert a URI into a Request.

This can fail if the given URI is not absolute, or if the URI scheme is not "http" or "https". In these cases the function will throw an error via MonadThrow.

This function defaults some of the values in Request, such as setting method to GET and requestHeaders to [].

A Request created by this function won't cause exceptions on non-2XX response status codes.

Since: 0.5.12

requestFromURI_ :: URI -> Request

Same as requestFromURI, but if the conversion would fail, throws an impure exception.

Since: 0.5.12

defaultRequest :: Request

A default request value, a GET request of localhost/:80, with an empty request body.

Note that the default checkResponse does nothing.

Since: 0.4.30

applyBasicAuth :: ByteString -> ByteString -> Request -> Request

Add a Basic Auth header (with the specified user name and password) to the given Request. Ignore error handling:

 applyBasicAuth "user" "pass" $ parseRequest_ url

NOTE: The function applyDigestAuth is provided by the http-client-tls package instead of this package due to extra dependencies. Please use that package if you need to use digest authentication.

Since 0.1.0

urlEncodedBody :: [(ByteString, ByteString)] -> Request -> Request

Add url-encoded parameters to the Request.

This sets a new requestBody, adds a content-type request header and changes the method to POST.

Since 0.1.0

getUri :: Request -> URI

Extract a URI from the request.

Since 0.1.0

setRequestIgnoreStatus :: Request -> Request

Modify the request so that non-2XX status codes do not generate a runtime StatusCodeException.

Since: 0.4.29

setRequestCheckStatus :: Request -> Request

Modify the request so that non-2XX status codes generate a runtime StatusCodeException, by using throwErrorStatusCodes

Since: 0.5.13

setQueryString :: [(ByteString, Maybe ByteString)] -> Request -> Request

Set the query string to the given key/value pairs.

Since 0.3.6

setQueryStringPartialEscape :: [(ByteString, [EscapeItem])] -> Request -> Request

Set the query string to the given key/value pairs.

Since: 0.5.10

Request type and fields

data Request

All information on how to connect to a host and what should be sent in the HTTP request.

If you simply wish to download from a URL, see parseRequest.

The constructor for this data type is not exposed. Instead, you should use either the defaultRequest value, or parseRequest to construct from a URL, and then use the records below to make modifications. This approach allows http-client to add configuration options without breaking backwards compatibility.

For example, to construct a POST request, you could do something like:

initReq <- parseRequest "http://www.example.com/path"
let req = initReq
            { method = "POST"
            }

For more information, please see http://www.yesodweb.com/book/settings-types.

Since 0.1.0

Instances

Show Request

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Request -> ShowS

show :: Request -> String

showList :: [Request] -> ShowS

IsString Request

Parses a URL via parseRequest_

NOTE: Prior to version 0.5.0, this instance used parseUrlThrow instead.

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Request

Methods

fromString :: String -> Request

method :: Request -> Method

HTTP request method, eg GET, POST.

Since 0.1.0

secure :: Request -> Bool

Whether to use HTTPS (ie, SSL).

Since 0.1.0

host :: Request -> ByteString

Requested host name, used for both the IP address to connect to and the host request header.

Since 0.1.0

port :: Request -> Int

The port to connect to. Also used for generating the host request header.

Since 0.1.0

path :: Request -> ByteString

Everything from the host to the query string.

Since 0.1.0

queryString :: Request -> ByteString

Query string appended to the path.

Since 0.1.0

requestHeaders :: Request -> RequestHeaders

Custom HTTP request headers

The Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding headers are set automatically by this module, and shall not be added to requestHeaders.

If not provided by the user, Host will automatically be set based on the host and port fields.

Moreover, the Accept-Encoding header is set implicitly to gzip for convenience by default. This behaviour can be overridden if needed, by setting the header explicitly to a different value. In order to omit the Accept-Header altogether, set it to the empty string "". If you need an empty Accept-Header (i.e. requesting the identity encoding), set it to a non-empty white-space string, e.g. " ". See RFC 2616 section 14.3 for details about the semantics of the Accept-Header field. If you request a content-encoding not supported by this module, you will have to decode it yourself (see also the decompress field).

Note: Multiple header fields with the same field-name will result in multiple header fields being sent and therefore it's the responsibility of the client code to ensure that the rules from RFC 2616 section 4.2 are honoured.

Since 0.1.0

requestBody :: Request -> RequestBody

Request body to be sent to the server.

Since 0.1.0

proxy :: Request -> Maybe Proxy

Optional HTTP proxy.

Since 0.1.0

applyBasicProxyAuth :: ByteString -> ByteString -> Request -> Request

Add a Proxy-Authorization header (with the specified username and password) to the given Request. Ignore error handling:

applyBasicProxyAuth "user" "pass" <$> parseRequest "http://example.org"

Since 0.3.4

decompress :: Request -> ByteString -> Bool

Predicate to specify whether gzipped data should be decompressed on the fly (see alwaysDecompress and browserDecompress). Argument is the mime type. Default: browserDecompress.

Since 0.1.0

redirectCount :: Request -> Int

How many redirects to follow when getting a resource. 0 means follow no redirects. Default value: 10.

Since 0.1.0

shouldStripHeaderOnRedirect :: Request -> HeaderName -> Bool

Decide whether a header must be stripped from the request when following a redirect. Default: keep all headers intact.

Since: 0.6.2

checkResponse :: Request -> Request -> Response BodyReader -> IO ()

Check the response immediately after receiving the status and headers. This can be useful for throwing exceptions on non-success status codes.

In previous versions of http-client, this went under the name checkStatus, but was renamed to avoid confusion about the new default behavior (doing nothing).

Since: 0.5.0

responseTimeout :: Request -> ResponseTimeout

Number of microseconds to wait for a response (see HttpExceptionContent for more information). Default: use managerResponseTimeout (which by default is 30 seconds).

Since 0.1.0

cookieJar :: Request -> Maybe CookieJar

A user-defined cookie jar. If Nothing, no cookie handling will take place, "Cookie" headers in requestHeaders will be sent raw, and responseCookieJar will be empty.

Since 0.1.0

requestVersion :: Request -> HttpVersion

HTTP version to send to server.

Default: HTTP 1.1

Since 0.4.3

Request body

data RequestBody

When using one of the RequestBodyStream / RequestBodyStreamChunked constructors, you must ensure that the GivesPopper can be called multiple times. Usually this is not a problem.

The RequestBodyStreamChunked will send a chunked request body. Note that not all servers support this. Only use RequestBodyStreamChunked if you know the server you're sending to supports chunked request bodies.

Since 0.1.0

Constructors

RequestBodyLBS ByteString

RequestBodyBS ByteString

RequestBodyBuilder Int64 Builder

RequestBodyStream Int64 (GivesPopper ())

RequestBodyStreamChunked (GivesPopper ())

RequestBodyIO (IO RequestBody)

Allows creation of a RequestBody inside the IO monad, which is useful for making easier APIs (like setRequestBodyFile).

Since: 0.4.28

Instances

IsString RequestBody

Since 0.4.12

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

fromString :: String -> RequestBody

Semigroup RequestBody

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

(<>) :: RequestBody -> RequestBody -> RequestBody

sconcat :: NonEmpty RequestBody -> RequestBody

stimes :: Integral b => b -> RequestBody -> RequestBody

Monoid RequestBody

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

mempty :: RequestBody

mappend :: RequestBody -> RequestBody -> RequestBody

mconcat :: [RequestBody] -> RequestBody

type Popper = IO ByteString

A function which generates successive chunks of a request body, provider a single empty bytestring when no more data is available.

Since 0.1.0

type NeedsPopper a = Popper -> IO a

A function which must be provided with a Popper.

Since 0.1.0

type GivesPopper a = NeedsPopper a -> IO a

A function which will provide a Popper to a NeedsPopper. This seemingly convoluted structure allows for creation of request bodies which allocate scarce resources in an exception safe manner.

Since 0.1.0

streamFile :: FilePath -> IO RequestBody

Send a file as the request body.

It is expected that the file size does not change between calling streamFile and making any requests using this request body.

Since 0.4.9

observedStreamFile :: (StreamFileStatus -> IO ()) -> FilePath -> IO RequestBody

Send a file as the request body, while observing streaming progress via a PopObserver. Observations are made between reading and sending a chunk.

It is expected that the file size does not change between calling observedStreamFile and making any requests using this request body.

Since 0.4.9

data StreamFileStatus

Status of streaming a request body from a file.

Since 0.4.9

Constructors

StreamFileStatus

Fields

• fileSize :: Int64
• readSoFar :: Int64
• thisChunkSize :: Int

Instances

Eq StreamFileStatus

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

(==) :: StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus -> Bool

(/=) :: StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus -> Bool

Ord StreamFileStatus

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

compare :: StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus -> Ordering

(<) :: StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus -> Bool

(<=) :: StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus -> Bool

(>) :: StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus -> Bool

(>=) :: StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus -> Bool

max :: StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus

min :: StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus -> StreamFileStatus

Show StreamFileStatus

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> StreamFileStatus -> ShowS

show :: StreamFileStatus -> String

showList :: [StreamFileStatus] -> ShowS

Response

data Response body

A simple representation of the HTTP response.

Since 0.1.0

Instances

Functor Response

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Response a -> Response b

(<$) :: a -> Response b -> Response a

Foldable Response

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => Response m -> m

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Response a -> m

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Response a -> b

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Response a -> b

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Response a -> b

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Response a -> b

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Response a -> a

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Response a -> a

toList :: Response a -> [a]

null :: Response a -> Bool

length :: Response a -> Int

elem :: Eq a => a -> Response a -> Bool

maximum :: Ord a => Response a -> a

minimum :: Ord a => Response a -> a

sum :: Num a => Response a -> a

product :: Num a => Response a -> a

Traversable Response

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> Response a -> f (Response b)

sequenceA :: Applicative f => Response (f a) -> f (Response a)

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> Response a -> m (Response b)

sequence :: Monad m => Response (m a) -> m (Response a)

Show body => Show (Response body)

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Response body -> ShowS

show :: Response body -> String

showList :: [Response body] -> ShowS

responseStatus :: Response body -> Status

Status code of the response.

Since 0.1.0

responseVersion :: Response body -> HttpVersion

HTTP version used by the server.

Since 0.1.0

responseHeaders :: Response body -> ResponseHeaders

Response headers sent by the server.

Since 0.1.0

responseBody :: Response body -> body

Response body sent by the server.

Since 0.1.0

responseCookieJar :: Response body -> CookieJar

Cookies set on the client after interacting with the server. If cookies have been disabled by setting cookieJar to Nothing, then this will always be empty.

Since 0.1.0

throwErrorStatusCodes :: MonadIO m => Request -> Response BodyReader -> m ()

Throws a StatusCodeException wrapped in HttpExceptionRequest, if the response's status code indicates an error (if it isn't 2xx). This can be used to implement checkResponse.

Since: 0.5.13

Response body

type BodyReader = IO ByteString

An IO action that represents an incoming response body coming from the server. Data provided by this action has already been gunzipped and de-chunked, and respects any content-length headers present.

The action gets a single chunk of data from the response body, or an empty bytestring if no more data is available.

Since 0.4.0

brRead :: BodyReader -> IO ByteString

Get a single chunk of data from the response body, or an empty bytestring if no more data is available.

Note that in order to consume the entire request body, you will need to repeatedly call this function until you receive an empty ByteString as a result.

Since 0.1.0

brReadSome :: BodyReader -> Int -> IO ByteString

Continuously call brRead, building up a lazy ByteString until a chunk is constructed that is at least as many bytes as requested.

Since 0.4.20

brConsume :: BodyReader -> IO [ByteString]

Strictly consume all remaining chunks of data from the stream.

Since 0.1.0

Advanced connection creation

makeConnection

Arguments

:: IO ByteString

read

-> (ByteString -> IO ())

write

-> IO ()

close

-> IO Connection

Create a new Connection from a read, write, and close function.

Since: 0.5.3

socketConnection

Arguments

:: Socket

-> Int

chunk size

-> IO Connection

Create a new Connection from a Socket.

Since: 0.5.3

Misc

data HttpException

An exception which may be generated by this library

Since: 0.5.0

Constructors

HttpExceptionRequest Request HttpExceptionContent

Most exceptions are specific to a Request. Inspect the HttpExceptionContent value for details on what occurred.

Since: 0.5.0

InvalidUrlException String String

A URL (first field) is invalid for a given reason (second argument).

Since: 0.5.0

Instances

Show HttpException

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> HttpException -> ShowS

show :: HttpException -> String

showList :: [HttpException] -> ShowS

Exception HttpException

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

toException :: HttpException -> SomeException

fromException :: SomeException -> Maybe HttpException

displayException :: HttpException -> String

data HttpExceptionContent

Constructors

StatusCodeException (Response ()) ByteString

Generated by the parseUrlThrow function when the server returns a non-2XX response status code.

May include the beginning of the response body.

Since: 0.5.0

TooManyRedirects [Response ByteString]

The server responded with too many redirects for a request.

Contains the list of encountered responses containing redirects in reverse chronological order; including last redirect, which triggered the exception and was not followed.

Since: 0.5.0

OverlongHeaders

Either too many headers, or too many total bytes in a single header, were returned by the server, and the memory exhaustion protection in this library has kicked in.

Since: 0.5.0

ResponseTimeout

The server took too long to return a response. This can be altered via responseTimeout or managerResponseTimeout.

Since: 0.5.0

ConnectionTimeout

Attempting to connect to the server timed out.

Since: 0.5.0

ConnectionFailure SomeException

An exception occurred when trying to connect to the server.

Since: 0.5.0

InvalidStatusLine ByteString

The status line returned by the server could not be parsed.

Since: 0.5.0

InvalidHeader ByteString

The given response header line could not be parsed

Since: 0.5.0

InvalidRequestHeader ByteString

The given request header is not compliant (e.g. has newlines)

Since: 0.5.14

InternalException SomeException

An exception was raised by an underlying library when performing the request. Most often, this is caused by a failing socket action or a TLS exception.

Since: 0.5.0

ProxyConnectException ByteString Int Status

A non-200 status code was returned when trying to connect to the proxy server on the given host and port.

Since: 0.5.0

NoResponseDataReceived

No response data was received from the server at all. This exception may deserve special handling within the library, since it may indicate that a pipelining has been used, and a connection thought to be open was in fact closed.

Since: 0.5.0

TlsNotSupported

Exception thrown when using a Manager which does not have support for secure connections. Typically, you will want to use tlsManagerSettings from http-client-tls to overcome this.

Since: 0.5.0

WrongRequestBodyStreamSize Word64 Word64

The request body provided did not match the expected size.

Provides the expected and actual size.

Since: 0.4.31

ResponseBodyTooShort Word64 Word64

The returned response body is too short. Provides the expected size and actual size.

Since: 0.5.0

InvalidChunkHeaders

A chunked response body had invalid headers.

Since: 0.5.0

IncompleteHeaders

An incomplete set of response headers were returned.

Since: 0.5.0

InvalidDestinationHost ByteString

The host we tried to connect to is invalid (e.g., an empty string).

HttpZlibException ZlibException

An exception was thrown when inflating a response body.

Since: 0.5.0

InvalidProxyEnvironmentVariable Text Text

Values in the proxy environment variable were invalid. Provides the environment variable name and its value.

Since: 0.5.0

ConnectionClosed

Attempted to use a Connection which was already closed

Since: 0.5.0

InvalidProxySettings Text

Proxy settings are not valid (Windows specific currently) @since 0.5.7

Instances

Show HttpExceptionContent

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> HttpExceptionContent -> ShowS

show :: HttpExceptionContent -> String

showList :: [HttpExceptionContent] -> ShowS

data Cookie

Constructors

Cookie

Fields

• cookie_name :: ByteString
• cookie_value :: ByteString
• cookie_expiry_time :: UTCTime
• cookie_domain :: ByteString
• cookie_path :: ByteString
• cookie_creation_time :: UTCTime
• cookie_last_access_time :: UTCTime
• cookie_persistent :: Bool
• cookie_host_only :: Bool
• cookie_secure_only :: Bool
• cookie_http_only :: Bool

Instances

Read Cookie

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS Cookie

readList :: ReadS [Cookie]

readPrec :: ReadPrec Cookie

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Cookie]

Show Cookie

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Cookie -> ShowS

show :: Cookie -> String

showList :: [Cookie] -> ShowS

equalCookie :: Cookie -> Cookie -> Bool

Instead of '(==)'.

Since there was some confusion in the history of this library about how the Eq instance should work, it was removed for clarity, and replaced by equal and equiv. equal gives you equality of all fields of the Cookie record.

Since: 0.7.0

equivCookie :: Cookie -> Cookie -> Bool

Equality of name, domain, path only. This corresponds to step 11 of the algorithm described in Section 5.3 "Storage Model". See also: equal.

Since: 0.7.0

compareCookies :: Cookie -> Cookie -> Ordering

Instead of instance Ord Cookie. See equalCookie, equivCookie.

Since: 0.7.0

data CookieJar

Instances

Read CookieJar

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS CookieJar

readList :: ReadS [CookieJar]

readPrec :: ReadPrec CookieJar

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [CookieJar]

Show CookieJar

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> CookieJar -> ShowS

show :: CookieJar -> String

showList :: [CookieJar] -> ShowS

Semigroup CookieJar

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

(<>) :: CookieJar -> CookieJar -> CookieJar

sconcat :: NonEmpty CookieJar -> CookieJar

stimes :: Integral b => b -> CookieJar -> CookieJar

Monoid CookieJar

Since 1.9

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

mempty :: CookieJar

mappend :: CookieJar -> CookieJar -> CookieJar

mconcat :: [CookieJar] -> CookieJar

equalCookieJar :: CookieJar -> CookieJar -> Bool

See equalCookie.

Since: 0.7.0

equivCookieJar :: CookieJar -> CookieJar -> Bool

See equalCookieJar, equalCookie.

Since: 0.7.0

data Proxy

Define a HTTP proxy, consisting of a hostname and port number.

Constructors

Proxy

Fields

• proxyHost :: ByteString

  The host name of the HTTP proxy.

• proxyPort :: Int

  The port number of the HTTP proxy.

Instances

Eq Proxy

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

(==) :: Proxy -> Proxy -> Bool

(/=) :: Proxy -> Proxy -> Bool

Ord Proxy

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

compare :: Proxy -> Proxy -> Ordering

(<) :: Proxy -> Proxy -> Bool

(<=) :: Proxy -> Proxy -> Bool

(>) :: Proxy -> Proxy -> Bool

(>=) :: Proxy -> Proxy -> Bool

max :: Proxy -> Proxy -> Proxy

min :: Proxy -> Proxy -> Proxy

Read Proxy

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS Proxy

readList :: ReadS [Proxy]

readPrec :: ReadPrec Proxy

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Proxy]

Show Proxy

Defined in Network.HTTP.Client.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Proxy -> ShowS

show :: Proxy -> String

showList :: [Proxy] -> ShowS

withConnection :: Request -> Manager -> (Connection -> IO a) -> IO a

Perform an action using a Connection acquired from the given Manager.

You should use this only when you have to read and write interactively through the connection (e.g. connection by the WebSocket protocol).

Since: 0.5.13

Cookies

updateCookieJar

Arguments

:: Response a

Response received from server

-> Request

Request which generated the response

-> UTCTime

Value that should be used as "now"

-> CookieJar

Current cookie jar

-> (CookieJar, Response a)

(Updated cookie jar with cookies from the Response, The response stripped of any "Set-Cookie" header)

This applies receiveSetCookie to a given Response

receiveSetCookie

Arguments

:: SetCookie

The SetCookie the cookie jar is receiving

-> Request

The request that originated the response that yielded the SetCookie

-> UTCTime

Value that should be used as "now"

-> Bool

Whether or not this request is coming from an "http" source (not javascript or anything like that)

-> CookieJar

Input cookie jar to modify

-> CookieJar

Updated cookie jar

This corresponds to the algorithm described in Section 5.3 "Storage Model" This function consists of calling generateCookie followed by insertCheckedCookie. Use this function if you plan to do both in a row. generateCookie and insertCheckedCookie are only provided for more fine-grained control.

generateCookie

Arguments

:: SetCookie

The SetCookie we are encountering

-> Request

The request that originated the response that yielded the SetCookie

-> UTCTime

Value that should be used as "now"

-> Bool

Whether or not this request is coming from an "http" source (not javascript or anything like that)

-> Maybe Cookie

The optional output cookie

Turn a SetCookie into a Cookie, if it is valid

insertCheckedCookie

Arguments

:: Cookie

The SetCookie the cookie jar is receiving

-> CookieJar

Input cookie jar to modify

-> Bool

Whether or not this request is coming from an "http" source (not javascript or anything like that)

-> CookieJar

Updated (or not) cookie jar

Insert a cookie created by generateCookie into the cookie jar (or not if it shouldn't be allowed in)

insertCookiesIntoRequest

Arguments

:: Request

The request to insert into

-> CookieJar

Current cookie jar

-> UTCTime

Value that should be used as "now"

-> (Request, CookieJar)

(Output request, Updated cookie jar (last-access-time is updated))

This applies the computeCookieString to a given Request

computeCookieString

Arguments

:: Request

Input request

-> CookieJar

Current cookie jar

-> UTCTime

Value that should be used as "now"

-> Bool

Whether or not this request is coming from an "http" source (not javascript or anything like that)

-> (ByteString, CookieJar)

(Contents of a "Cookie" header, Updated cookie jar (last-access-time is updated))

This corresponds to the algorithm described in Section 5.4 "The Cookie Header"

evictExpiredCookies

Arguments

:: CookieJar

Input cookie jar

-> UTCTime

Value that should be used as "now"

-> CookieJar

Filtered cookie jar

This corresponds to the eviction algorithm described in Section 5.3 "Storage Model"

createCookieJar :: [Cookie] -> CookieJar

destroyCookieJar :: CookieJar -> [Cookie]

pathMatches :: ByteString -> ByteString -> Bool

This corresponds to the subcomponent algorithm entitled "Path-Match" detailed in section 5.1.4

removeExistingCookieFromCookieJar :: Cookie -> CookieJar -> (Maybe Cookie, CookieJar)

domainMatches

Arguments

:: ByteString

Domain to test

-> ByteString

Domain from a cookie

-> Bool

This corresponds to the subcomponent algorithm entitled "Domain Matching" detailed in section 5.1.3

isIpAddress :: ByteString -> Bool

defaultPath :: Request -> ByteString

This corresponds to the subcomponent algorithm entitled "Paths" detailed in section 5.1.4