Control.Concurrent.Async.Lifted.Safe

This is a safe variant of Control.Concurrent.Async.Lifted.

This module assumes your monad stack to satisfy StM m a ~ a so you can't mess up monadic effects. If your monad stack is stateful, use Control.Concurrent.Async.Lifted with special care.

Asynchronous actions

data Async a

An asynchronous action spawned by async or withAsync. Asynchronous actions are executed in a separate thread, and operations are provided for waiting for asynchronous actions to complete and obtaining their results (see e.g. wait).

Instances

Functor Async

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Async a -> Async b

(<$) :: a -> Async b -> Async a

Eq (Async a)

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async

Methods

(==) :: Async a -> Async a -> Bool

(/=) :: Async a -> Async a -> Bool

Ord (Async a)

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async

Methods

compare :: Async a -> Async a -> Ordering

(<) :: Async a -> Async a -> Bool

(<=) :: Async a -> Async a -> Bool

(>) :: Async a -> Async a -> Bool

(>=) :: Async a -> Async a -> Bool

max :: Async a -> Async a -> Async a

min :: Async a -> Async a -> Async a

Hashable (Async a)

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async

Methods

hashWithSalt :: Int -> Async a -> Int

hash :: Async a -> Int

class StM m a ~ a => Pure m a

Most of the functions in this module have Forall (Pure m) in their constraints, which means they require the monad m satisfies StM m a ~ a for all a.

Instances

StM m a ~ a => Pure m a

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async.Lifted.Safe

type family Forall (p :: k -> Constraint) :: Constraint

A representation of the quantified constraint forall a. p a.

Instances

type Forall (p :: k -> Constraint)

Defined in Data.Constraint.Forall

type Forall (p :: k -> Constraint) = Forall_ p

Spawning

async :: forall m a. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => m a -> m (Async a)

Generalized version of async.

asyncBound :: forall m a. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => m a -> m (Async a)

Generalized version of asyncBound.

asyncOn :: forall m a. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Int -> m a -> m (Async a)

Generalized version of asyncOn.

asyncWithUnmask :: forall m a. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => ((forall b. m b -> m b) -> m a) -> m (Async a)

Generalized version of asyncWithUnmask.

asyncOnWithUnmask :: forall m a. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Int -> ((forall b. m b -> m b) -> m a) -> m (Async a)

Generalized version of asyncOnWithUnmask.

Spawning with automatic cancelation

withAsync :: forall m a b. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => m a -> (Async a -> m b) -> m b

Generalized version of withAsync.

withAsyncBound :: forall m a b. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => m a -> (Async a -> m b) -> m b

Generalized version of withAsyncBound.

withAsyncOn :: forall m a b. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Int -> m a -> (Async a -> m b) -> m b

Generalized version of withAsyncOn.

withAsyncWithUnmask :: forall m a b. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => ((forall c. m c -> m c) -> m a) -> (Async a -> m b) -> m b

Generalized version of withAsyncWithUnmask.

withAsyncOnWithUnmask :: forall m a b. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Int -> ((forall c. m c -> m c) -> m a) -> (Async a -> m b) -> m b

Generalized version of withAsyncOnWithUnmask.

Quering Asyncs

wait :: forall m a. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Async a -> m a

Generalized version of wait.

poll :: forall m a. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Async a -> m (Maybe (Either SomeException a))

Generalized version of poll.

waitCatch :: forall m a. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Async a -> m (Either SomeException a)

Generalized version of waitCatch.

cancel :: MonadBase IO m => Async a -> m ()

Generalized version of cancel.

uninterruptibleCancel :: MonadBase IO m => Async a -> m ()

Generalized version of uninterruptibleCancel.

cancelWith :: (MonadBase IO m, Exception e) => Async a -> e -> m ()

Generalized version of cancelWith.

asyncThreadId :: Async a -> ThreadId

Returns the ThreadId of the thread running the given Async.

data AsyncCancelled

The exception thrown by cancel to terminate a thread.

Constructors

AsyncCancelled

Instances

Eq AsyncCancelled

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async

Methods

(==) :: AsyncCancelled -> AsyncCancelled -> Bool

(/=) :: AsyncCancelled -> AsyncCancelled -> Bool

Show AsyncCancelled

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> AsyncCancelled -> ShowS

show :: AsyncCancelled -> String

showList :: [AsyncCancelled] -> ShowS

Exception AsyncCancelled

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async

Methods

toException :: AsyncCancelled -> SomeException

fromException :: SomeException -> Maybe AsyncCancelled

displayException :: AsyncCancelled -> String

STM operations

waitSTM :: Async a -> STM a

A version of wait that can be used inside an STM transaction.

pollSTM :: Async a -> STM (Maybe (Either SomeException a))

A version of poll that can be used inside an STM transaction.

waitCatchSTM :: Async a -> STM (Either SomeException a)

A version of waitCatch that can be used inside an STM transaction.

Waiting for multiple Asyncs

waitAny :: forall m a. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => [Async a] -> m (Async a, a)

Generalized version of waitAny.

waitAnyCatch :: forall m a. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => [Async a] -> m (Async a, Either SomeException a)

Generalized version of waitAnyCatch.

waitAnyCancel :: forall m a. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => [Async a] -> m (Async a, a)

Generalized version of waitAnyCancel.

waitAnyCatchCancel :: forall m a. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => [Async a] -> m (Async a, Either SomeException a)

Generalized version of waitAnyCatchCancel.

waitEither :: forall m a b. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Async a -> Async b -> m (Either a b)

Generalized version of waitEither.

waitEitherCatch :: forall m a b. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Async a -> Async b -> m (Either (Either SomeException a) (Either SomeException b))

Generalized version of waitEitherCatch.

waitEitherCancel :: forall m a b. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Async a -> Async b -> m (Either a b)

Generalized version of waitEitherCancel.

waitEitherCatchCancel :: forall m a b. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Async a -> Async b -> m (Either (Either SomeException a) (Either SomeException b))

Generalized version of waitEitherCatchCancel.

waitEither_ :: MonadBase IO m => Async a -> Async b -> m ()

Generalized version of waitEither_

waitBoth :: forall m a b. (MonadBase IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Async a -> Async b -> m (a, b)

Generalized version of waitBoth.

Waiting for multiple Asyncs in STM

waitAnySTM :: [Async a] -> STM (Async a, a)

A version of waitAny that can be used inside an STM transaction.

Since: async-2.1.0

waitAnyCatchSTM :: [Async a] -> STM (Async a, Either SomeException a)

A version of waitAnyCatch that can be used inside an STM transaction.

Since: async-2.1.0

waitEitherSTM :: Async a -> Async b -> STM (Either a b)

A version of waitEither that can be used inside an STM transaction.

Since: async-2.1.0

waitEitherCatchSTM :: Async a -> Async b -> STM (Either (Either SomeException a) (Either SomeException b))

A version of waitEitherCatch that can be used inside an STM transaction.

Since: async-2.1.0

waitEitherSTM_ :: Async a -> Async b -> STM ()

A version of waitEither_ that can be used inside an STM transaction.

Since: async-2.1.0

waitBothSTM :: Async a -> Async b -> STM (a, b)

A version of waitBoth that can be used inside an STM transaction.

Since: async-2.1.0

Linking

link :: MonadBase IO m => Async a -> m ()

Generalized version of link.

link2 :: MonadBase IO m => Async a -> Async b -> m ()

Generalized version of link2.

data ExceptionInLinkedThread where

Constructors

ExceptionInLinkedThread :: forall a. Async a -> SomeException -> ExceptionInLinkedThread

Instances

Show ExceptionInLinkedThread

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> ExceptionInLinkedThread -> ShowS

show :: ExceptionInLinkedThread -> String

showList :: [ExceptionInLinkedThread] -> ShowS

Exception ExceptionInLinkedThread

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async

Methods

toException :: ExceptionInLinkedThread -> SomeException

fromException :: SomeException -> Maybe ExceptionInLinkedThread

displayException :: ExceptionInLinkedThread -> String

Convenient utilities

race :: forall m a b. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => m a -> m b -> m (Either a b)

Generalized version of race.

race_ :: forall m a b. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => m a -> m b -> m ()

Generalized version of race_.

concurrently :: forall m a b. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => m a -> m b -> m (a, b)

Generalized version of concurrently.

concurrently_ :: forall m a b. (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => m a -> m b -> m ()

Generalized version of concurrently_.

mapConcurrently :: (Traversable t, MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => (a -> m b) -> t a -> m (t b)

Generalized version of mapConcurrently.

mapConcurrently_ :: (Foldable t, MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => (a -> m b) -> t a -> m ()

Generalized version of mapConcurrently_.

forConcurrently :: (Traversable t, MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => t a -> (a -> m b) -> m (t b)

Generalized version of forConcurrently.

forConcurrently_ :: (Foldable t, MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => t a -> (a -> m b) -> m ()

Generalized version of forConcurrently_.

replicateConcurrently :: (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Int -> m a -> m [a]

Generalized version of replicateConcurrently.

replicateConcurrently_ :: (MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Int -> m a -> m ()

Generalized version of replicateConcurrently_.

data Concurrently m a where

Generalized version of Concurrently.

A value of type Concurrently m a is an IO-based operation that can be composed with other Concurrently values, using the Applicative and Alternative instances.

Calling runConcurrently on a value of type Concurrently m a will execute the IO-based lifted operations it contains concurrently, before delivering the result of type a.

For example

  (page1, page2, page3) <- runConcurrently $ (,,)
    <$> Concurrently (getURL "url1")
    <*> Concurrently (getURL "url2")
    <*> Concurrently (getURL "url3")

Constructors

Concurrently

Fields

• :: Forall (Pure m)
• => { runConcurrently :: m a
•    } -> Concurrently m a

Instances

Functor m => Functor (Concurrently m)

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async.Lifted.Safe

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m b

(<$) :: a -> Concurrently m b -> Concurrently m a

(MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Applicative (Concurrently m)

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async.Lifted.Safe

Methods

pure :: a -> Concurrently m a

(<*>) :: Concurrently m (a -> b) -> Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m b

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m b -> Concurrently m c

(*>) :: Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m b -> Concurrently m b

(<*) :: Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m b -> Concurrently m a

(MonadBaseControl IO m, Forall (Pure m)) => Alternative (Concurrently m)

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async.Lifted.Safe

Methods

empty :: Concurrently m a

(<|>) :: Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m a

some :: Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m [a]

many :: Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m [a]

(MonadBaseControl IO m, Semigroup a, Forall (Pure m)) => Semigroup (Concurrently m a)

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async.Lifted.Safe

Methods

(<>) :: Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m a

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Concurrently m a) -> Concurrently m a

stimes :: Integral b => b -> Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m a

(MonadBaseControl IO m, Semigroup a, Monoid a, Forall (Pure m)) => Monoid (Concurrently m a)

Defined in Control.Concurrent.Async.Lifted.Safe

Methods

mempty :: Concurrently m a

mappend :: Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m a -> Concurrently m a

mconcat :: [Concurrently m a] -> Concurrently m a

compareAsyncs :: Async a -> Async b -> Ordering

Compare two Asyncs that may have different types by their ThreadId.