Pipes.Text

This module provides pipes utilities for "text streams", which are streams of Text chunks. The individual chunks are uniformly strict, but a Producer can be converted to and from lazy Texts, though this is generally unwise. Where pipes IO replaces lazy IO, 'Producer Text m r' replaces lazy Text. An Handle can be associated with a Producer or Consumer according as it is read or written to.

To stream to or from Handles, one can use fromHandle or toHandle. For example, the following program copies a document from one file to another:

import Pipes
import qualified Pipes.Text as Text
import qualified Pipes.Text.IO as Text
import System.IO

main =
    withFile "inFile.txt"  ReadMode  $ \hIn  ->
    withFile "outFile.txt" WriteMode $ \hOut ->
    runEffect $ Text.fromHandle hIn >-> Text.toHandle hOut

To stream from files, the following is perhaps more Prelude-like (note that it uses Pipes.Safe):

import Pipes
import qualified Pipes.Text as Text
import qualified Pipes.Text.IO as Text
import Pipes.Safe

main = runSafeT $ runEffect $ Text.readFile "inFile.txt" >-> Text.writeFile "outFile.txt"

You can stream to and from stdin and stdout using the predefined stdin and stdout pipes, as with the following "echo" program:

main = runEffect $ Text.stdin >-> Text.stdout

You can also translate pure lazy Texts to and from pipes:

main = runEffect $ Text.fromLazy (TL.pack "Hello, world!\n") >-> Text.stdout

In addition, this module provides many functions equivalent to lazy Text functions so that you can transform or fold text streams. For example, to stream only the first three lines of stdin to stdout you might write:

import Pipes
import qualified Pipes.Text as Text
import qualified Pipes.Parse as Parse

main = runEffect $ takeLines 3 Text.stdin >-> Text.stdout
  where
    takeLines n = Text.unlines . Parse.takeFree n . Text.lines

The above program will never bring more than one chunk of text (~ 32 KB) into memory, no matter how long the lines are.

Note that functions in this library are designed to operate on streams that are insensitive to text boundaries. This means that they may freely split text into smaller texts, discard empty texts. However, apart from the special case of concatMap, they will never concatenate texts in order to provide strict upper bounds on memory usage -- with the single exception of concatMap.

Producers

fromLazy :: Monad m => Text -> Producer' Text m ()

Convert a lazy Text into a Producer of strict Texts

Pipes

map :: Monad m => (Char -> Char) -> Pipe Text Text m r

Apply a transformation to each Char in the stream

concatMap :: Monad m => (Char -> Text) -> Pipe Text Text m r

Map a function over the characters of a text stream and concatenate the results

take :: (Monad m, Integral a) => a -> Pipe Text Text m ()

(take n) only allows n individual characters to pass; contrast Pipes.Prelude.take which would let n chunks pass.

drop :: (Monad m, Integral a) => a -> Pipe Text Text m r

(drop n) drops the first n characters

takeWhile :: Monad m => (Char -> Bool) -> Pipe Text Text m ()

Take characters until they fail the predicate

dropWhile :: Monad m => (Char -> Bool) -> Pipe Text Text m r

Drop characters until they fail the predicate

filter :: Monad m => (Char -> Bool) -> Pipe Text Text m r

Only allows Chars to pass if they satisfy the predicate

scan :: Monad m => (Char -> Char -> Char) -> Char -> Pipe Text Text m r

Strict left scan over the characters

pack :: Monad m => Pipe String Text m r

Transform a Pipe of Strings into one of Text chunks

unpack :: Monad m => Pipe Text String m r

Transform a Pipes of Text chunks into one of Strings

toCaseFold :: Monad m => Pipe Text Text m ()

toCaseFold, toLower, toUpper and stripStart are standard Text utilities, here acting as Text pipes, rather as they would on a lazy text

toLower :: Monad m => Pipe Text Text m ()

lowercase incoming Text

toUpper :: Monad m => Pipe Text Text m ()

uppercase incoming Text

stripStart :: Monad m => Pipe Text Text m r

Remove leading white space from an incoming succession of Texts

Folds

toLazy :: Producer Text Identity () -> Text

Fold a pure Producer of strict Texts into a lazy Text

toLazyM :: Monad m => Producer Text m () -> m Text

Fold an effectful Producer of strict Texts into a lazy Text

Note: toLazyM is not an idiomatic use of pipes, but I provide it for simple testing purposes. Idiomatic pipes style consumes the chunks immediately as they are generated instead of loading them all into memory.

foldChars :: Monad m => (x -> Char -> x) -> x -> (x -> r) -> Producer Text m () -> m r

Reduce the text stream using a strict left fold over characters

head :: Monad m => Producer Text m () -> m (Maybe Char)

Retrieve the first Char

last :: Monad m => Producer Text m () -> m (Maybe Char)

Retrieve the last Char

null :: Monad m => Producer Text m () -> m Bool

Determine if the stream is empty

length :: (Monad m, Num n) => Producer Text m () -> m n

Count the number of characters in the stream

any :: Monad m => (Char -> Bool) -> Producer Text m () -> m Bool

Fold that returns whether Any received Chars satisfy the predicate

all :: Monad m => (Char -> Bool) -> Producer Text m () -> m Bool

Fold that returns whether All received Chars satisfy the predicate

maximum :: Monad m => Producer Text m () -> m (Maybe Char)

Return the maximum Char within a text stream

minimum :: Monad m => Producer Text m () -> m (Maybe Char)

Return the minimum Char within a text stream (surely very useful!)

find :: Monad m => (Char -> Bool) -> Producer Text m () -> m (Maybe Char)

Find the first element in the stream that matches the predicate

index :: (Monad m, Integral a) => a -> Producer Text m () -> m (Maybe Char)

Index into a text stream

count :: (Monad m, Num n) => Text -> Producer Text m () -> m n

Store a tally of how many segments match the given Text

Primitive Character Parsers

nextChar :: Monad m => Producer Text m r -> m (Either r (Char, Producer Text m r))

Consume the first character from a stream of Text

next either fails with a Left if the Producer has no more characters or succeeds with a Right providing the next character and the remainder of the Producer.

drawChar :: Monad m => Parser Text m (Maybe Char)

Draw one Char from a stream of Text, returning Left if the Producer is empty

unDrawChar :: Monad m => Char -> Parser Text m ()

Push back a Char onto the underlying Producer

peekChar :: Monad m => Parser Text m (Maybe Char)

peekChar checks the first Char in the stream, but uses unDrawChar to push the Char back

peekChar = do
    x <- drawChar
    case x of
        Left  _  -> return ()
        Right c -> unDrawChar c
    return x

isEndOfChars :: Monad m => Parser Text m Bool

Check if the underlying Producer has no more characters

Note that this will skip over empty Text chunks, unlike isEndOfInput from pipes-parse, which would consider an empty Text a valid bit of input.

isEndOfChars = liftM isLeft peekChar

Parsing Lenses

splitAt :: (Monad m, Integral n) => n -> Lens' (Producer Text m r) (Producer Text m (Producer Text m r))

Splits a Producer after the given number of characters

span :: Monad m => (Char -> Bool) -> Lens' (Producer Text m r) (Producer Text m (Producer Text m r))

Split a text stream in two, producing the longest consecutive group of characters that satisfies the predicate and returning the rest

break :: Monad m => (Char -> Bool) -> Lens' (Producer Text m r) (Producer Text m (Producer Text m r))

Split a text stream in two, producing the longest consecutive group of characters that don't satisfy the predicate

groupBy :: Monad m => (Char -> Char -> Bool) -> Lens' (Producer Text m r) (Producer Text m (Producer Text m r))

Improper lens that splits after the first group of equivalent Chars, as defined by the given equivalence relation

group :: Monad m => Lens' (Producer Text m r) (Producer Text m (Producer Text m r))

Improper lens that splits after the first succession of identical Char s

word :: Monad m => Lens' (Producer Text m r) (Producer Text m (Producer Text m r))

Improper lens that splits a Producer after the first word

Unlike words, this does not drop leading whitespace

line :: Monad m => Lens' (Producer Text m r) (Producer Text m (Producer Text m r))

FreeT Splitters

chunksOf :: (Monad m, Integral n) => n -> Lens' (Producer Text m r) (FreeT (Producer Text m) m r)

Split a text stream into FreeT-delimited text streams of fixed size

splitsWith :: Monad m => (Char -> Bool) -> Producer Text m r -> FreeT (Producer Text m) m r

Split a text stream into sub-streams delimited by characters that satisfy the predicate

splits :: Monad m => Char -> Lens' (Producer Text m r) (FreeT (Producer Text m) m r)

Split a text stream using the given Char as the delimiter

groupsBy :: Monad m => (Char -> Char -> Bool) -> Lens' (Producer Text m x) (FreeT (Producer Text m) m x)

Isomorphism between a stream of Text and groups of equivalent Chars , using the given equivalence relation

groups :: Monad m => Lens' (Producer Text m x) (FreeT (Producer Text m) m x)

Like groupsBy, where the equality predicate is (==)

lines :: Monad m => Iso' (Producer Text m r) (FreeT (Producer Text m) m r)

Split a text stream into FreeT-delimited lines

words :: Monad m => Iso' (Producer Text m r) (FreeT (Producer Text m) m r)

Split a text stream into FreeT-delimited words

Transformations

intersperse :: Monad m => Char -> Producer Text m r -> Producer Text m r

Intersperse a Char in between the characters of stream of Text

packChars :: Monad m => Iso' (Producer Char m x) (Producer Text m x)

Improper isomorphism between a Producer of ByteStrings and Word8s

Joiners

intercalate :: Monad m => Producer Text m () -> FreeT (Producer Text m) m r -> Producer Text m r

intercalate concatenates the FreeT-delimited text streams after interspersing a text stream in between them

unlines :: Monad m => FreeT (Producer Text m) m r -> Producer Text m r

Join FreeT-delimited lines into a text stream

unwords :: Monad m => FreeT (Producer Text m) m r -> Producer Text m r

Join FreeT-delimited words into a text stream

Re-exports

type Lens' a b = forall f. Functor f => (b -> f b) -> a -> f a

type Iso' a b = forall f p. (Functor f, Profunctor p) => p b (f b) -> p a (f a)

module Data.ByteString

module Data.Text

module Data.Profunctor

module Pipes.Parse

module Pipes.Group