Network.Wai.Handler.Warp.Internal

Settings

data Settings

Various Warp server settings. This is purposely kept as an abstract data type so that new settings can be added without breaking backwards compatibility. In order to create a Settings value, use defaultSettings and the various 'set' functions to modify individual fields. For example:

setTimeout 20 defaultSettings

Constructors

Settings

Fields

• settingsPort :: Port

  Port to listen on. Default value: 3000

• settingsHost :: HostPreference

  Default value: HostIPv4

• settingsOnException :: Maybe Request -> SomeException -> IO ()

  What to do with exceptions thrown by either the application or server. Default: ignore server-generated exceptions (see InvalidRequest) and print application-generated applications to stderr.

• settingsOnExceptionResponse :: SomeException -> Response

  A function to create Response when an exception occurs.

  Default: 500, text/plain, "Something went wrong"

  Since 2.0.3

• settingsOnOpen :: SockAddr -> IO Bool

  What to do when a connection is open. When False is returned, the connection is closed immediately. Otherwise, the connection is going on. Default: always returns True.

• settingsOnClose :: SockAddr -> IO ()

  What to do when a connection is close. Default: do nothing.

• settingsTimeout :: Int

  Timeout value in seconds. Default value: 30

• settingsManager :: Maybe Manager

  Use an existing timeout manager instead of spawning a new one. If used, settingsTimeout is ignored. Default is Nothing

• settingsFdCacheDuration :: Int

  Cache duration time of file descriptors in seconds. 0 means that the cache mechanism is not used. Default value: 0

• settingsFileInfoCacheDuration :: Int

  Cache duration time of file information in seconds. 0 means that the cache mechanism is not used. Default value: 0

• settingsBeforeMainLoop :: IO ()

  Code to run after the listening socket is ready but before entering the main event loop. Useful for signaling to tests that they can start running, or to drop permissions after binding to a restricted port.

  Default: do nothing.

  Since 1.3.6

• settingsFork :: ((forall a. IO a -> IO a) -> IO ()) -> IO ()

  Code to fork a new thread to accept a connection.

  This may be useful if you need OS bound threads, or if you wish to develop an alternative threading model.

  Default: void . forkIOWithUnmask

  Since 3.0.4

• settingsNoParsePath :: Bool

  Perform no parsing on the rawPathInfo.

  This is useful for writing HTTP proxies.

  Default: False

  Since 2.0.3

• settingsInstallShutdownHandler :: IO () -> IO ()
• settingsServerName :: ByteString

  Default server name if application does not set one.

  Since 3.0.2

• settingsMaximumBodyFlush :: Maybe Int

  See setMaximumBodyFlush.

  Since 3.0.3

• settingsProxyProtocol :: ProxyProtocol

  Specify usage of the PROXY protocol.

  Since 3.0.5.

• settingsSlowlorisSize :: Int

  Size of bytes read to prevent Slowloris protection. Default value: 2048

  Since 3.1.2.

• settingsHTTP2Enabled :: Bool

  Whether to enable HTTP2 ALPN/upgrades. Default: True

  Since 3.1.7.

• settingsLogger :: Request -> Status -> Maybe Integer -> IO ()

  A log function. Default: no action.

  Since 3.X.X.

• settingsServerPushLogger :: Request -> ByteString -> Integer -> IO ()

  A HTTP/2 server push log function. Default: no action.

  Since 3.X.X.

• settingsGracefulShutdownTimeout :: Maybe Int

  An optional timeout to limit the time (in seconds) waiting for a graceful shutdown of the web server.

  Since 3.2.8

data ProxyProtocol

Specify usage of the PROXY protocol.

Constructors

ProxyProtocolNone

See setProxyProtocolNone.

ProxyProtocolRequired

See setProxyProtocolRequired.

ProxyProtocolOptional

See setProxyProtocolOptional.

Low level run functions

runSettingsConnection :: Settings -> IO (Connection, SockAddr) -> Application -> IO ()

The connection setup action would be expensive. A good example is initialization of TLS. So, this converts the connection setup action to the connection maker which will be executed after forking a new worker thread. Then this calls runSettingsConnectionMaker with the connection maker. This allows the expensive computations to be performed in a separate worker thread instead of the main server loop.

Since 1.3.5

runSettingsConnectionMaker :: Settings -> IO (IO Connection, SockAddr) -> Application -> IO ()

This modifies the connection maker so that it returns TCP for Transport (i.e. plain HTTP) then calls runSettingsConnectionMakerSecure.

runSettingsConnectionMakerSecure :: Settings -> IO (IO (Connection, Transport), SockAddr) -> Application -> IO ()

The core run function which takes Settings, a connection maker and Application. The connection maker can return a connection of either plain HTTP or HTTP over TLS.

Since 2.1.4

data Transport

What kind of transport is used for this connection?

Constructors

TCP

Plain channel: TCP

TLS

Encrypted channel: TLS or SSL

Fields

• tlsMajorVersion :: Int
• tlsMinorVersion :: Int
• tlsNegotiatedProtocol :: Maybe ByteString

  The result of Application Layer Protocol Negociation in RFC 7301

• tlsChiperID :: Word16

Connection

data Connection

Data type to manipulate IO actions for connections. This is used to abstract IO actions for plain HTTP and HTTP over TLS.

Constructors

Connection

Fields

• connSendMany :: [ByteString] -> IO ()

  This is not used at this moment.

• connSendAll :: ByteString -> IO ()

  The sending function.

• connSendFile :: SendFile

  The sending function for files in HTTP/1.1.

• connClose :: IO ()

  The connection closing function. Warp guarantees it will only be called once. Other functions (like connRecv) may be called after connClose is called.

• connFree :: IO ()

  Free any buffers allocated. Warp guarantees it will only be called once, and no other functions will be called after it.

• connRecv :: Recv

  The connection receiving function. This returns "" for EOF.

• connRecvBuf :: RecvBuf

  The connection receiving function. This tries to fill the buffer. This returns when the buffer is filled or reaches EOF.

• connWriteBuffer :: Buffer

  The write buffer.

• connBufferSize :: BufSize

  The size of the write buffer.

socketConnection :: Socket -> IO Connection

Creating Connection for plain HTTP based on a given socket.

Receive

type Recv = IO ByteString

Type for the action to receive input data

type RecvBuf = Buffer -> BufSize -> IO Bool

Type for the action to receive input data with a buffer. The result boolean indicates whether or not the buffer is fully filled.

makePlainReceiveN :: Socket -> ByteString -> IO (BufSize -> IO ByteString)

This function returns a receiving function based on two receiving functions. The returned function efficiently manages received data which is initialized by the first argument. The returned function may allocate a byte string with malloc().

Buffer

type Buffer = Ptr Word8

Type for buffer

type BufSize = Int

Type for buffer size

bufferSize :: BufSize

The default size of the write buffer: 16384 (2^14 = 1024 * 16). This is the maximum size of TLS record. This is also the maximum size of HTTP/2 frame payload (excluding frame header).

allocateBuffer :: Int -> IO Buffer

Allocating a buffer with malloc().

freeBuffer :: Buffer -> IO ()

Releasing a buffer with free().

copy :: Buffer -> ByteString -> IO Buffer

Copying the bytestring to the buffer. This function returns the point where the next copy should start.

Sendfile

data FileId

Data type to abstract file identifiers. On Unix, a file descriptor would be specified to make use of the file descriptor cache.

Since: 3.1.0

Constructors

FileId

Fields

• fileIdPath :: FilePath
• fileIdFd :: Maybe Fd

type SendFile = FileId -> Integer -> Integer -> IO () -> [ByteString] -> IO ()

fileid, offset, length, hook action, HTTP headers

Since: 3.1.0

sendFile :: Socket -> Buffer -> BufSize -> (ByteString -> IO ()) -> SendFile

Function to send a file based on sendfile() for Linux/Mac/FreeBSD. This makes use of the file descriptor cache. For other OSes, this is identical to readSendFile.

Since: 3.1.0

readSendFile :: Buffer -> BufSize -> (ByteString -> IO ()) -> SendFile

Function to send a file based on pread()/send() for Unix. This makes use of the file descriptor cache. For Windows, this is emulated by Handle.

Since: 3.1.0

Version

warpVersion :: String

The version of Warp.

Data types

data InternalInfo

Constructors

InternalInfo

Fields

• threadHandle :: Handle
• timeoutManager :: Manager
• getDate :: IO GMTDate
• getFd :: FilePath -> IO (Maybe Fd, Refresh)
• getFileInfo :: FilePath -> IO FileInfo

type HeaderValue = ByteString

The type for header value used with HeaderName.

type IndexedHeader = Array Int (Maybe HeaderValue)

Array for a set of HTTP headers.

requestMaxIndex :: Int

The size for IndexedHeader for HTTP Request. From 0 to this corresponds to "Content-Length", "Transfer-Encoding", "Expect", "Connection", "Range", "Host", "If-Modified-Since", "If-Unmodified-Since" and "If-Range".

Time out manager

In order to provide slowloris protection, Warp provides timeout handlers. We follow these rules:

• A timeout is created when a connection is opened.
• When all request headers are read, the timeout is tickled.
• Every time at least the slowloris size settings number of bytes of the request body are read, the timeout is tickled.
• The timeout is paused while executing user code. This will apply to both the application itself, and a ResponseSource response. The timeout is resumed as soon as we return from user code.
• Every time data is successfully sent to the client, the timeout is tickled.

Types

type Manager = Reaper [Handle] Handle

A timeout manager

type TimeoutAction = IO ()

An action to be performed on timeout.

data Handle

A handle used by Manager

Manager

initialize :: Int -> IO Manager

Creating timeout manager which works every N micro seconds where N is the first argument.

stopManager :: Manager -> IO ()

Stopping timeout manager with onTimeout fired.

killManager :: Manager -> IO ()

Killing timeout manager immediately without firing onTimeout.

withManager

Arguments

:: Int

timeout in microseconds

-> (Manager -> IO a)

-> IO a

Call the inner function with a timeout manager.

Registration

register :: Manager -> TimeoutAction -> IO Handle

Registering a timeout action.

registerKillThread :: Manager -> TimeoutAction -> IO Handle

Registering a timeout action of killing this thread.

Control

tickle :: Handle -> IO ()

Setting the state to active. Manager turns active to inactive repeatedly.

cancel :: Handle -> IO ()

Setting the state to canceled. Manager eventually removes this without timeout action.

pause :: Handle -> IO ()

Setting the state to paused. Manager does not change the value.

resume :: Handle -> IO ()

Setting the paused state to active. This is an alias to tickle.

Exceptions

data TimeoutThread

Constructors

TimeoutThread

Instances

Show TimeoutThread

Defined in Network.Wai.Handler.Warp.Timeout

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> TimeoutThread -> ShowS

show :: TimeoutThread -> String

showList :: [TimeoutThread] -> ShowS

Exception TimeoutThread

Defined in Network.Wai.Handler.Warp.Timeout

Methods

toException :: TimeoutThread -> SomeException

fromException :: SomeException -> Maybe TimeoutThread

displayException :: TimeoutThread -> String

File descriptor cache

withFdCache :: Int -> ((Hash -> FilePath -> IO (Maybe Fd, Refresh)) -> IO a) -> IO a

Creating MutableFdCache and executing the action in the second argument. The first argument is a cache duration in second.

data Fd

Instances

Bounded Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

minBound :: Fd

maxBound :: Fd

Enum Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

succ :: Fd -> Fd

pred :: Fd -> Fd

toEnum :: Int -> Fd

fromEnum :: Fd -> Int

enumFrom :: Fd -> [Fd]

enumFromThen :: Fd -> Fd -> [Fd]

enumFromTo :: Fd -> Fd -> [Fd]

enumFromThenTo :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd -> [Fd]

Eq Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

(==) :: Fd -> Fd -> Bool

(/=) :: Fd -> Fd -> Bool

Integral Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

quot :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

rem :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

div :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

mod :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

quotRem :: Fd -> Fd -> (Fd, Fd)

divMod :: Fd -> Fd -> (Fd, Fd)

toInteger :: Fd -> Integer

Num Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

(+) :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

(-) :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

(*) :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

negate :: Fd -> Fd

abs :: Fd -> Fd

signum :: Fd -> Fd

fromInteger :: Integer -> Fd

Ord Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

compare :: Fd -> Fd -> Ordering

(<) :: Fd -> Fd -> Bool

(<=) :: Fd -> Fd -> Bool

(>) :: Fd -> Fd -> Bool

(>=) :: Fd -> Fd -> Bool

max :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

min :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

Read Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS Fd

readList :: ReadS [Fd]

readPrec :: ReadPrec Fd

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Fd]

Real Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

toRational :: Fd -> Rational

Show Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Fd -> ShowS

show :: Fd -> String

showList :: [Fd] -> ShowS

Storable Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

sizeOf :: Fd -> Int

alignment :: Fd -> Int

peekElemOff :: Ptr Fd -> Int -> IO Fd

pokeElemOff :: Ptr Fd -> Int -> Fd -> IO ()

peekByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> IO Fd

pokeByteOff :: Ptr b -> Int -> Fd -> IO ()

peek :: Ptr Fd -> IO Fd

poke :: Ptr Fd -> Fd -> IO ()

Bits Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

(.&.) :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

(.|.) :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

xor :: Fd -> Fd -> Fd

complement :: Fd -> Fd

shift :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

rotate :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

zeroBits :: Fd

bit :: Int -> Fd

setBit :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

clearBit :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

complementBit :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

testBit :: Fd -> Int -> Bool

bitSizeMaybe :: Fd -> Maybe Int

bitSize :: Fd -> Int

isSigned :: Fd -> Bool

shiftL :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

unsafeShiftL :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

shiftR :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

unsafeShiftR :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

rotateL :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

rotateR :: Fd -> Int -> Fd

popCount :: Fd -> Int

FiniteBits Fd

Defined in System.Posix.Types

Methods

finiteBitSize :: Fd -> Int

countLeadingZeros :: Fd -> Int

countTrailingZeros :: Fd -> Int

type Refresh = IO ()

An action to activate a Fd cache entry.

openFile :: FilePath -> IO Fd

closeFile :: Fd -> IO ()

setFileCloseOnExec :: Fd -> IO ()

File information cache

data FileInfo

File information.

Constructors

FileInfo

Fields

• fileInfoName :: !FilePath
• fileInfoSize :: !Integer
• fileInfoTime :: HTTPDate

  Modification time

• fileInfoDate :: ByteString

  Modification time in the GMT format

Instances

Eq FileInfo

Defined in Network.Wai.Handler.Warp.FileInfoCache

Methods

(==) :: FileInfo -> FileInfo -> Bool

(/=) :: FileInfo -> FileInfo -> Bool

Show FileInfo

Defined in Network.Wai.Handler.Warp.FileInfoCache

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> FileInfo -> ShowS

show :: FileInfo -> String

showList :: [FileInfo] -> ShowS

type Hash = Int

withFileInfoCache :: Int -> ((Hash -> FilePath -> IO FileInfo) -> IO a) -> IO a

Creating a file information cache and executing the action in the second argument. The first argument is a cache duration in second.

getInfo :: FilePath -> IO FileInfo

Getting the file information corresponding to the file.

Date

withDateCache :: (IO GMTDate -> IO a) -> IO a

Creating DateCache and executing the action.

type GMTDate = ByteString

The type of the Date header value.

Request and response

data Source

Type for input streaming.

recvRequest

Arguments

:: Bool

first request on this connection?

-> Settings

-> Connection

-> InternalInfo1

-> SockAddr

Peer's address.

-> Source

Where HTTP request comes from.

-> IO (Request, Maybe (IORef Int), IndexedHeader, IO ByteString, InternalInfo)

Request passed to Application, how many bytes remain to be consumed, if known IndexedHeader of HTTP request for internal use, Body producing action used for flushing the request body

Receiving a HTTP request from Connection and parsing its header to create Request.

sendResponse

Arguments

:: Settings

-> Connection

-> InternalInfo

-> Request

HTTP request.

-> IndexedHeader

Indexed header of HTTP request.

-> IO ByteString

source from client, for raw response

-> Response

HTTP response including status code and response header.

-> IO Bool

Returing True if the connection is persistent.

Sending a HTTP response to Connection according to Response.

Applications/middlewares MUST provide a proper ResponseHeaders. so that inconsistency does not happen. No header is deleted by this function.

Especially, Applications/middlewares MUST provide a proper Content-Type. They MUST NOT provide Content-Length, Content-Range, and Transfer-Encoding because they are inserted, when necessary, regardless they already exist. This function does not insert Content-Encoding. It's middleware's responsibility.

The Date and Server header is added if not exist in HTTP response header.

There are three basic APIs to create Response:

responseBuilder :: Status -> ResponseHeaders -> Builder -> Response

HTTP response body is created from Builder. Transfer-Encoding: chunked is used in HTTP/1.1.

responseStream :: Status -> ResponseHeaders -> StreamingBody -> Response

HTTP response body is created from Builder. Transfer-Encoding: chunked is used in HTTP/1.1.

responseRaw :: (IO ByteString -> (ByteString -> IO ()) -> IO ()) -> Response -> Response

No header is added and no Transfer-Encoding: is applied.

responseFile :: Status -> ResponseHeaders -> FilePath -> Maybe FilePart -> Response

HTTP response body is sent (by sendfile(), if possible) for GET method. HTTP response body is not sent by HEAD method. Content-Length and Content-Range are automatically added into the HTTP response header if necessary. If Content-Length and Content-Range exist in the HTTP response header, they would cause inconsistency. "Accept-Ranges: bytes" is also inserted.

Applications are categorized into simple and sophisticated. Sophisticated applications should specify Just to Maybe FilePart. They should treat the conditional request by themselves. A proper Status (200 or 206) must be provided.

Simple applications should specify Nothing to Maybe FilePart. The size of the specified file is obtained by disk access or from the file infor cache. If-Modified-Since, If-Unmodified-Since, If-Range and Range are processed. Since a proper status is chosen, Status is ignored. Last-Modified is inserted.

Platform dependent helper functions

setSocketCloseOnExec :: Socket -> IO ()

Set flag FileCloseOnExec flag on a socket (on Unix)

Copied from: https://github.com/mzero/plush/blob/master/src/Plush/Server/Warp.hs

Since: 3.2.17

windowsThreadBlockHack :: IO a -> IO a