Literal

Main data type

data Literal

So-called Literals are one of:

• An unboxed (machine) literal (MachInt, MachFloat, etc.), which is presumed to be surrounded by appropriate constructors (Int#, etc.), so that the overall thing makes sense.

We maintain the invariant that the Integer the Mach{Int,Word}* constructors are actually in the (possibly target-dependent) range. The mkMach{Int,Word}*Wrap smart constructors ensure this by applying the target machine's wrapping semantics. Use these in situations where you know the wrapping semantics are correct.

• The literal derived from the label mentioned in a "foreign label" declaration (MachLabel)

Constructors

MachChar Char

Char# - at least 31 bits. Create with mkMachChar

MachStr ByteString

A string-literal: stored and emitted UTF-8 encoded, we'll arrange to decode it at runtime. Also emitted with a '\0' terminator. Create with mkMachString

MachNullAddr

The NULL pointer, the only pointer value that can be represented as a Literal. Create with nullAddrLit

MachInt Integer

Int# - according to target machine

MachInt64 Integer

Int64# - exactly 64 bits

MachWord Integer

Word# - according to target machine

MachWord64 Integer

Word64# - exactly 64 bits

MachFloat Rational

Float#. Create with mkMachFloat

MachDouble Rational

Double#. Create with mkMachDouble

MachLabel FastString (Maybe Int) FunctionOrData

A label literal. Parameters:

1) The name of the symbol mentioned in the declaration

2) The size (in bytes) of the arguments the label expects. Only applicable with stdcall labels. Just x => <x> will be appended to label name when emitting assembly.

LitInteger Integer Type

Instances

Eq Literal

Defined in Literal

Methods

(==) :: Literal -> Literal -> Bool

(/=) :: Literal -> Literal -> Bool

Data Literal

Defined in Literal

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Literal -> c Literal

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c Literal

toConstr :: Literal -> Constr

dataTypeOf :: Literal -> DataType

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c Literal)

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c Literal)

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Literal -> Literal

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Literal -> r

gmapQr :: (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Literal -> r

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Literal -> [u]

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Literal -> u

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Literal -> m Literal

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Literal -> m Literal

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Literal -> m Literal

Ord Literal

Defined in Literal

Methods

compare :: Literal -> Literal -> Ordering

(<) :: Literal -> Literal -> Bool

(<=) :: Literal -> Literal -> Bool

(>) :: Literal -> Literal -> Bool

(>=) :: Literal -> Literal -> Bool

max :: Literal -> Literal -> Literal

min :: Literal -> Literal -> Literal

Outputable Literal

Defined in Literal

Methods

ppr :: Literal -> SDoc

pprPrec :: Rational -> Literal -> SDoc

Binary Literal

Defined in Literal

Methods

put_ :: BinHandle -> Literal -> IO ()

put :: BinHandle -> Literal -> IO (Bin Literal)

get :: BinHandle -> IO Literal

Creating Literals

mkMachInt :: DynFlags -> Integer -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Int#

mkMachIntWrap :: DynFlags -> Integer -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Int#. If the argument is out of the (target-dependent) range, it is wrapped. See Note [WordInt underflowoverflow]

mkMachWord :: DynFlags -> Integer -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Word#

mkMachWordWrap :: DynFlags -> Integer -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Word#. If the argument is out of the (target-dependent) range, it is wrapped. See Note [WordInt underflowoverflow]

mkMachInt64 :: Integer -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Int64#

mkMachInt64Wrap :: Integer -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Int64#. If the argument is out of the range, it is wrapped.

mkMachWord64 :: Integer -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Word64#

mkMachWord64Wrap :: Integer -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Word64#. If the argument is out of the range, it is wrapped.

mkMachFloat :: Rational -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Float#

mkMachDouble :: Rational -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Double#

mkMachChar :: Char -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Char#

mkMachString :: String -> Literal

Creates a Literal of type Addr#, which is appropriate for passing to e.g. some of the "error" functions in GHC.Err such as GHC.Err.runtimeError

mkLitInteger :: Integer -> Type -> Literal

Operations on Literals

literalType :: Literal -> Type

Find the Haskell Type the literal occupies

absentLiteralOf :: TyCon -> Maybe Literal

pprLiteral :: (SDoc -> SDoc) -> Literal -> SDoc

Predicates on Literals and their contents

litIsDupable :: DynFlags -> Literal -> Bool

True if code space does not go bad if we duplicate this literal Currently we treat it just like litIsTrivial

litIsTrivial :: Literal -> Bool

True if there is absolutely no penalty to duplicating the literal. False principally of strings.

"Why?", you say? I'm glad you asked. Well, for one duplicating strings would blow up code sizes. Not only this, it's also unsafe.

Consider a program that wants to traverse a string. One way it might do this is to first compute the Addr# pointing to the end of the string, and then, starting from the beginning, bump a pointer using eqAddr# to determine the end. For instance,

-- Given pointers to the start and end of a string, count how many zeros
-- the string contains.
countZeros :: Addr -> -> Int
countZeros start end = go start 0
  where
    go off n
      | off `addrEq#` end = n
      | otherwise         = go (off `plusAddr#` 1) n'
      where n' | isTrue off 0 0#) = n + 1
               | otherwise                                 = n

Consider what happens if we considered strings to be trivial (and therefore duplicable) and emitted a call like countZeros "hello" plusAddr# 5). The beginning and end pointers do not belong to the same string, meaning that an iteration like the above would blow up terribly. This is what happened in #12757.

Ultimately the solution here is to make primitive strings a bit more structured, ensuring that the compiler can't inline in ways that will break user code. One approach to this is described in #8472.

litIsLifted :: Literal -> Bool

inIntRange :: DynFlags -> Integer -> Bool

inWordRange :: DynFlags -> Integer -> Bool

tARGET_MAX_INT :: DynFlags -> Integer

inCharRange :: Char -> Bool

isZeroLit :: Literal -> Bool

Tests whether the literal represents a zero of whatever type it is

litFitsInChar :: Literal -> Bool

litValue :: Literal -> Integer

Returns the Integer contained in the Literal, for when that makes sense, i.e. for Char, Int, Word and LitInteger.

isLitValue :: Literal -> Bool

Indicate if the Literal contains an Integer value, e.g. Char, Int, Word and LitInteger.

isLitValue_maybe :: Literal -> Maybe Integer

Returns the Integer contained in the Literal, for when that makes sense, i.e. for Char, Int, Word and LitInteger.

mapLitValue :: DynFlags -> (Integer -> Integer) -> Literal -> Literal

Apply a function to the Integer contained in the Literal, for when that makes sense, e.g. for Char, Int, Word and LitInteger. For fixed-size integral literals, the result will be wrapped in accordance with the semantics of the target type. See Note [WordInt underflowoverflow]

Coercions

word2IntLit :: DynFlags -> Literal -> Literal

int2WordLit :: DynFlags -> Literal -> Literal

narrow8IntLit :: Literal -> Literal

narrow16IntLit :: Literal -> Literal

narrow32IntLit :: Literal -> Literal

narrow8WordLit :: Literal -> Literal

narrow16WordLit :: Literal -> Literal

narrow32WordLit :: Literal -> Literal

char2IntLit :: Literal -> Literal

int2CharLit :: Literal -> Literal

float2IntLit :: Literal -> Literal

int2FloatLit :: Literal -> Literal

double2IntLit :: Literal -> Literal

int2DoubleLit :: Literal -> Literal

nullAddrLit :: Literal

float2DoubleLit :: Literal -> Literal

double2FloatLit :: Literal -> Literal